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We showed that atRA induces glucose\u2010responsive endocrine transdifferentiation of pleomorphic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. This study aimed to detect the role of atRA in improving the histological changes of the pancreas in diabetic rats. Forty young male Wistar rats were used and divided into three groups. Group I: normal vehicle control (N\u2009=\u20095). Group II: streptozotocin\u2010induced diabetic rats (N\u2009=\u200920) were followed up at 0.0, 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Group III: streptozotocin\u2010induced diabetic rats (N\u2009=\u200915) treated with atRA (2.5 mg\/kg\/day), were followed up at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Specimens from the pancreas were processed for light, electron microscopy and pancreatic insulin mRNA expression. Blood samples were assayed for the levels of glucose, insulin, and total peroxides. In the atRA\u2010treated group, the number of the islets and the islet area significantly increased. Strong insulin\u2010immunoreactive endocrine\u2010like cells were observed nearby the pancreatic acini and the interlobular ducts. Interestingly, insulin\u2010positive cells seemed to arise from pancreatic acinar and ductal epithelium. Ultrastructurally, \u00df\u2010cells, acinar, and ductal cells restored their normal appearance. Pancreatic insulin mRNA and blood indices were almost normalized. AtRA improved the histological changes of the pancreas and the blood indices in diabetic rats. Anat Rec, 299:334\u2013351, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,24]],"date-time":"2015-12-24T12:35:51Z","timestamp":1450960551000},"page":"334-351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effect of All\u2010Trans Retinoic Acid on the Pancreas of Streptozotocin\u2010Induced Diabetic Rat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"Sohair A.","family":"Eltony","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University  Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nashwa A.","family":"Elmottaleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University  Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmaa M.","family":"Gomaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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