{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:25:31Z","timestamp":1790504731420,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]],"date-time":"2016-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some researchers contend that in adults the tensor tympani muscle (TT) connects with the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVP) by an intermediate tendon, in disagreement with the other researchers. To resolve this controversy, we examined serial sections of 50 human embryos and fetuses at 6\u201317 weeks of development. At 6 weeks, in the first pharyngeal arch, a mesenchymal connection was found first to divide a single anlage into the TT and TVP. At and after 7 weeks, the TT was connected continuously with the TVP by a definite tendinous tissue mediolaterally crossing the pharyngotympanic tube. At 11 weeks another fascia was visible covering the cranial and lateral sides of the tube. This \u201cgonial fascia\u201d had two thickened borders: the superior one corresponded to a part of the connecting tendon between the TT and TVP; the inferior one was a fibrous band ending at the os goniale near the lateral end of the TVP. In association with the gonial fascia, the fetal TT and TVP seemed to provide a functional complex. The TT\u2013TVP complex might first help elevate the palatal shelves in association with the developing tongue. Next, the tubal passage, maintained by contraction of the muscle complex, seems to facilitate the removal of loose mesenchymal tissues from the tympanic cavity. Third, the muscle complex most likely determined the final morphology of the pterygoid process. Consequently, despite the controversial morphologies in adults, the TT and TVP seemed to make a single digastric muscle acting for the morphogenesis of the cranial base. Anat Rec, 299:474\u2013483, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]],"date-time":"2016-01-08T00:29:21Z","timestamp":1452212961000},"page":"474-483","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Fetal Tendinous Connection Between the Tensor Tympani and Tensor Veli Palatini Muscles: A Single Digastric Muscle Acting for Morphogenesis of the Cranial Base"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Embryology, Complutense University Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Sakiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy Department of Human Development and Fostering Meikai University School of Dentistry Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Akita University School of Medicine Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Amano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy Department of Human Development and Fostering Meikai University School of Dentistry Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gen","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine Iwamizawa Kojin\u2010Kai Hospital Iwamizawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/02-049.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100107947"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(1998)035<0101:AASOTT>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000329253"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001670407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Growth movements during prenatal development of human facial morphology","volume":"187","author":"Diewert VM.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"Craniofacial growth during human secondary palate formation and potential relevance of experimental cleft palate observations","volume":"2","author":"Diewert VM.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1944.00680010374001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100080063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Les formations apon\u00e9urotiques de la region pt\u00e9rygo\u2010maxillaire chez \u013ahomme et chez quelques mammif\u00e8res","volume":"49","author":"Hovelacque A","year":"1913","journal-title":"J Anat Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1177\/019459987808600307","article-title":"The tensor tympani, stapedius, and tensor veli palatini muscles\u2013an electromyographic study","volume":"86","author":"Kamerer DB","year":"1978","journal-title":"Otolaryngology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21182"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"308","article-title":"Vorl\u00e4ufige Mitteilungen \u00fcber einige anatomische Verh\u00e4ltnisse des Mittelohres","volume":"3","author":"Kessel J.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Arch Ohrenheilkd"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(01)00419-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"268","volume-title":"Handbuch der mikroskop Anatomie","author":"Kolmer W.","year":"1927"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"Clinical anatomy of the masticatory apparatus and peripharyngeal spaces","author":"Lang J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348946907800412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Embryological and genetic aspects of middle ear development","volume":"42","author":"Mallo M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","volume-title":"Human embryology and teratology","author":"O'Rahilly R","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000289817"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","volume-title":"Anatom\u00eda humana. 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