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Not much is known about the association between a bulldog\u2010type skull conformation and peculiar patterns of suture and synchondrosis closure in domestic dogs. In this study, we aim to explore breed\u2010specific patterns of cranial suture and synchondrosis closure in relation to the prebasial angle (proxy for airorhynchy and thus bulldog\u2010type skull conformation) in domestic dogs. For this purpose, we coded closure of 18 sutures and synchondroses in 26 wolves, that is, the wild ancestor of all domestic dogs, and 134 domestic dogs comprising 11 breeds. Comparisons of the relative amount of closing and closed sutures and synchondroses (closure scores) in adult individuals showed that bulldog\u2010type breeds have significantly higher closure scores than non\u2010bulldog\u2010type breeds and that domestic dogs have significantly higher closure scores than the wolf. We further found that the prebasial angle is significantly positively correlated with the amount of closure of the basispheno\u2010presphenoid synchondrosis and sutures of the nose (premaxillo\u2010nasal and maxillo\u2010nasal) and the palate (premaxillo\u2010maxillary and interpalatine). Our results show that there is a correlation between patterns of suture and synchondrosis closure and skull shape in domestic dogs, although the causal relationships remain elusive. Anat Rec, 299:412\u2013420, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]],"date-time":"2016-01-11T03:54:56Z","timestamp":1452484496000},"page":"412-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Cranial Suture Closure in Domestic Dog Breeds and Its Relationships to Skull Morphology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Geiger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pal\u00e4ontologisches Institut und Museum, Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich Karl\u2010Schmid\u2010Strasse 4 Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinah","family":"Haussman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pal\u00e4ontologisches Institut und Museum, Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich Karl\u2010Schmid\u2010Strasse 4 Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000451"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.1985.tb00828.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(1990)027<0241:CGDASB>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1877609401002010067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6690"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"A morphometric analysis of the craniofacial configuration in achondroplasia","volume":"1","author":"Cohen JMM","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Craniosynostosis\u2014diagnosis, evaluation, and management","author":"Cohen MM.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"VII","volume-title":"Craniofacial sutures\u2014development, disease and treatment","author":"Cohen MM.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Craniosynostosis\u2014diagnosis, evaluation, and management","author":"Cohen MM","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.1169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/650372"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/8.4.271"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Miller's anatomy of the dog","author":"Evans HE.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.9.1048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408118101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"Bones and cartilage: developmental and evolutionary skeletal biology","author":"Hall BK.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39394-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Craniosynostosis\u2014diagnosis, evaluation, and management","author":"Herring SW.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1159\/000115031","volume-title":"Craniofacial sutures\u2014development, disease and treatment","author":"Herring SW.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Crunch time: approaches to bite abnormalities and malocclusions","author":"Johnston N.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Times."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001000206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02266725"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4merE\u2010M.2013. 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