{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:31:04Z","timestamp":1786977064795,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]],"date-time":"2016-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005566","name":"Ethicon Endo-Surgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005566","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We describe a\n                    <jats:italic>Psittacosaurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    specimen from the Lujiatun beds of the Yixian Formation in Liaoning, China with an abnormality on its left fibula. Although a large number of\n                    <jats:italic>Psittacosaurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    specimens are known, only a single example of a pathologic\n                    <jats:italic>Psittacosaurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been previously noted. The specific pathology in the current specimen is believed to be a healed fibular fracture as assessed through a combination of gross morphology, microcomputed tomography (microCT), and histology data. The fracture can be identified using microCT, but the degree of remodeling and the stage of fracture repair are best determined histologically. The fracture callus is made up of radially oriented spokes of woven bone in a cartilage matrix and the original cortical bone prior to the fracture has been largely eroded. A transverse histologic section taken at the level of the fracture shows the displacement of the proximal and distal parts of the fibula. The\n                    <jats:italic>Psittacosaurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    appears to have survived the break considering the deposition of circumferential non\u2010pathologic bone at the periosteal surface outside of the callus. The combination of gross morphological description, microCT data, and histologic data allowed for a full diagnosis of the abnormality. While some previous authors have preferred gross morphological description above other methods for assessing paleopathologies, it is evident based on this specimen that an amalgam of techniques provides greater clarity to paleopathology diagnoses. Although this\n                    <jats:italic>Psittacosaurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    lived in an environment with many predators, it was able to survive with a fracture on its hindlimb, which undoubtedly would have impacted its locomotion. Anat Rec, 299:897\u2013906, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,30]],"date-time":"2016-04-30T12:56:39Z","timestamp":1462020999000},"page":"897-906","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["An Injured\n                    <i>Psittacosaurus<\/i>\n                    (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia) From the Yixian Formation (Liaoning, China): Implications for\n                    <i>Psittacosaurus<\/i>\n                    Biology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"B.P.","family":"Hedrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology University of Massachusetts\u2014Amherst Amherst Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Natural History Museum Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.R.","family":"Tumarkin\u2010Deratzian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Natural History Museum Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.L.","family":"Holloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Natural History Museum Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.D.","family":"Hankenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Natural History Museum Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Ann\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Environmental Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Dodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Biology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/004947550103100415","article-title":"Multifocal skeletal tuberculosis","volume":"31","author":"Aggarwal AN","year":"2001","journal-title":"Tropical Doctor"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.0277"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"BennettRA.1989. 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