{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T12:25:31Z","timestamp":1768479931755,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,12]],"date-time":"2017-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Vera and Carl Johan Michaelsen Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small intestinal muscularis externa macrophages have been associated with interstitial cells of Cajal. They have been proposed to play various roles in motility disorders and to take part in a microbiota\u2010driven regulation of gastrointestinal motility. Our objective was to understand the reaction of resident macrophages of the musculature to a pro\u2010inflammatory stimulator, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mice were injected with LPS or saline and sacrificed after 6 hr. Whole mounts were stained with antibodies toward CD169, ionized calcium\u2010binding adaptor molecule 1 (iba1) (microglial\/macrophage marker) and heme oxygenase\u20101 (HO\u20101). Cell densities were measured using unbiased stereology. Results: iba1<jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup> cells showed an overall higher density than CD169<jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup> and HO\u20101<jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup> cells. Most HO\u20101<jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup> and iba1<jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup> cells were positive for CD 169 in serosa and at Auerbach's plexus (AP). At the deep muscular plexus, mainly iba1<jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup> cells were present, and were mostly CD169<jats:sup>neg<\/jats:sup>; a few HO\u20101<jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup> cells were present. Conclusions: A new subset of resident macrophages in the intestinal muscularis externa was discovered, identified as iba1<jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup> CD169<jats:sup>neg<\/jats:sup>. HO\u20101 is constitutively present in most macrophages in serosa and at AP, suggesting a M2 phenotype. LPS\u2010treatment results in an up\u2010regulation of HO\u20101<jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup>\/CD169<jats:sup>neg<\/jats:sup> cells in serosa and at AP. Anat Rec, 300:1114\u20131122, 2017. \u00a9 2016 The Authors. 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