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No data are so far available on early ultrastructural osteo\u2010chondral damages, associated with the onset of invalidating pathologies, like osteoarthritis\u2010OA. Biopsies of glenoid articular cartilage and sub\u2010chondral bone were taken from 10 adult patients underwent arthroscopic stabilization. Observations were performed under Transmission Electron Microscopy\u2010TEM in tangential, arcuate and radial layers of the articular cartilage and in the sub\u2010chondral bone. In tangential and arcuate layers chondrocytes display normal and very well preserved ultrastructure, probably due to the synovial liquid supply; otherwise, throughout the radial layer (un\u2010calcified and calcified) chondrocytes show various degrees of degeneration; occasionally, in the radial layer evidences of apoptosis\/autophagy were also observed. Concerning sub\u2010chondral bone, osteocytes next to the calcified cartilage also show signs of degeneration, while osteocytes farther from the osteo\u2010chondral border display normal ultrastructure, probably due to the bone vascular supply. The ultrastructural features of the osteo\u2010chondral complex are not age\u2010dependent. This study represents the first complete ultrastructural investigation of the articular osteo\u2010chondral complex in shoulder instability, evaluating the state of preservation\/viability of both chondrocytes and osteocytes throughout the successive layers of articular cartilage and sub\u2010chondral bone. Preliminary observations here collected represent the morphological basis for further deepening of pathogenesis related to shoulder instability, enhancing the relationship between cell shape and microenvironment; in particular, they could be useful in understanding if the early surgical treatment in shoulder instability could avoid the onset of OA. 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