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In a healthy modern human, this alignment is characterized by reciprocal curves\/orientation of the sacrum, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and cervical lordosis. In an economic sagittal posture, these curvatures keep the line of gravity close to the center of the acetabulum. The purpose of this study is to explore the spinopelvic alignment in extinct hominins. We examined spinopelvic alignment of a single representative from each of the following hominin groups: <jats:italic>Australopithecus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Homo erectus (H. erectus)<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>H. neanderthalensis<\/jats:italic>, and early <jats:italic>H. sapiens<\/jats:italic>. Pelvic incidence, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and cervical lordosis for each representative was estimated and compared with that of modern humans. Three basic spinopelvic alignments were found: (1) the sinusoidal alignment with moderate to high spinal curvatures and pelvic incidence found in <jats:italic>H. erectus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>H. sapiens;<\/jats:italic> (2) the straight alignment with small spinal curvatures and small pelvic incidence found in Neandertal lineage hominins; (3) the compound alignment found in <jats:italic>Australopithecus<\/jats:italic>, with moderate pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis, and nearly straight cervical spine. Our results indicate that balanced upright posture can be achieved in different alignments. Each hominin group solved the requirements of erect posture in a slightly different way. Moreover, we propose the term \u201ccranio\u2010spino\u2010pelvic balance\u201d to substitute \u201cspino\u2010pelvic balance.\u201d From an evolutionary perspective, not only changes in the pelvis have conditioned the evolution of the spinal curvatures but also changes in the equilibrium of the head likely also affected this balance. Anat Rec, 300:900\u2013911, 2017. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,15]],"date-time":"2017-04-15T07:47:20Z","timestamp":1492242440000},"page":"900-911","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Evolution of Spinopelvic Alignment in Hominins"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"300","author":[{"given":"Ella","family":"Been","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Professions Ono Academic College  Israel"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asier","family":"G\u00f3mez\u2010Olivencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Estratigraf\u00eda y Paleontolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV\u2010EHU Apdo. 644, Bilbao 48080 Spain"},{"name":"IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science  Basque"},{"name":"Centro UCM\u2010ISCIII de Investigaci\u00f3n sobre Evoluci\u00f3n y Comportamiento Humanos Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5 (Pabell\u00f3n 14) Madrid 28029 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Shefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Professions Ono Academic College  Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michalle","family":"Soudack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Imaging Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital Tel Hashomer Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Israel"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging Chaim Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Bastir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Barash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee Bar Ilan University Zefat Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"An introduction to human evolutionary anatomy","author":"Aiello L","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Le squelette moust\u00e9rien de K\u00e9bara 2","author":"Arensburg B.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1514828112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/20430"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1253958"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Barash A.The governing processes that shaped the hominid cranial base: A morphometric study with special reference to the internal basicranium. 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