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This paper reviews these changes, focusing on the supraspinal structures that are involved in the modulation and processing of pain, including the periaqueductal gray matter, red nucleus, locus coeruleus, rostral ventromedial medulla, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, habenula, primary, and secondary somatosensory cortex, motor cortex, mammillary bodies, hippocampus, septum, amygdala, cingulated, and prefrontal cortex. Hyperexcitability caused by the modification of postsynaptic receptor expression, central sensitization, and potentiation of presynaptic delivery of neurotransmitters, as well as the reduction of inhibitory inputs, changes in dendritic spine, neural circuit remodeling, alteration of gray matter, and upregulation of proinflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines) by reactivation of astrocytes and microglial cells are the main functional, structural, and molecular neuroplasticity changes observed in the above supraspinal structures, associated with pathological pain. Studying these changes in greater depth may lead to the implementation and improvement of new therapeutic strategies against pathological pain. Anat Rec, 300:1481\u20131501, 2017. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T11:23:06Z","timestamp":1488799386000},"page":"1481-1501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Neuroplasticity of Supraspinal Structures Associated with Pathological Pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"300","author":[{"given":"Pere","family":"Boadas\u2010Vaello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Clinical Anatomy Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona Girona Catalonia 17003 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Homs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Clinical Anatomy Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona Girona Catalonia 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