{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T15:36:57Z","timestamp":1777131417383,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>To better understand the cellular origins and differentiation of anal canal epithelial neoplasms, the immunohistochemical profiles of the anal canal epithelium in humans and swine were evaluated. Formalin\u2010fixed tissue sections were immunostained for mucin (MUC: MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B), desmoglein 3 (DGS3), p63, CDX2, SOX2, and \u03b1\u2010smooth muscle actin (\u03b1\u2010SMA). The anal transitional zone (ATZ) epithelium covered the anal sinus and consisted of a stratified epithelium with mucous cells interspersed within the surface lining. Anal glands opened into the anal sinus. Ducts and acini of intraepithelial or periepithelial mucous type were the main structures of human anal glands, whereas those of swine were compound tubuloacinar mixed glands. Distal to the ATZ epithelium, non\u2010keratinized stratified squamous epithelium merged with the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the perianal skin. MUC5AC expression predominated over MUC5B expression in the ATZ epithelium, while MUC5B expression was higher in the anal glands. SOX2 was positive in the ATZ epithelium, anal glands, and squamous epithelium except in the perianal skin. In humans, DGS3 was expressed in the ATZ epithelium, anal gland ducts, and squamous epithelium. p63 was detected in the ATZ epithelium, anal glands, and squamous epithelium. Myoepithelial cells positive for \u03b1\u2010SMA and p63 were present in the anal glands of swine. Colorectal columnar cells were MUC5B<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/MUC2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CDX2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/MUC5AC<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\/SOX2<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>. The ATZ epithelium seems to be a distinctive epithelium, with morphological and functional features allowing smooth defecation. The MUC5AC<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/SOX2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/MUC2<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\/CDX2<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> profile of the ATZ epithelium and anal glands is a useful feature for diagnosing adenocarcinoma arising from these regions. Anat Rec, 301:796\u2013805, 2018. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,12]],"date-time":"2017-12-12T19:57:03Z","timestamp":1513108623000},"page":"796-805","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["<scp>A<\/scp><scp>C<\/scp>omparative <scp>I<\/scp>mmunohistochemical <scp>S<\/scp>tudy of <scp>A<\/scp>nal <scp>C<\/scp>anal <scp>E<\/scp>pithelium in <scp>H<\/scp>umans and <scp>S<\/scp>wine, <scp>F<\/scp>ocusing on the <scp>A<\/scp>nal <scp>T<\/scp>ransitional <scp>Z<\/scp>one <scp>E<\/scp>pithelium and the <scp>A<\/scp>nal <scp>G<\/scp>lands"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"301","author":[{"given":"Futoshi","family":"Muranaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3\u20101\u20101 Asahi Matsumoto Nagano, 390\u20108621 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Shinshu University Hospital, 3\u20101\u20101 Asahi Matsumoto Nagano, 390\u20108621 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Iwaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3\u20103\u20101 Asahi Matsumoto Nagano, 390\u20108621 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Okaya Municipal Hospital, 4\u201011\u201033 Honmachi Okaya Nagano, 394\u20108512 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayoko","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Aizawa Hospital, 2\u20105\u20101 Honjou Matsumoto, 390\u20108510 Japan Nagano"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Ogiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Shinshu University Hospital, 3\u20101\u20101 Asahi Matsumoto Nagano, 390\u20108621 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Miyagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3\u20101\u20101 Asahi Matsumoto Nagano, 390\u20108621 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0592-239X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyoshi","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences Shinshu University, 3\u20101\u20101 Asahi Matsumoto Nagano, 390\u20108621 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540004801209"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540004801210"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12855"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"494","article-title":"p63 expression profiles in human normal and tumor tissues","volume":"8","author":"Como CJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2012.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528209182252","article-title":"Stereomicroscopic Investigation of the anal canal epithelium","volume":"17","author":"Fenger C","year":"1982","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"663","volume-title":"Histology for Pathologists","author":"Fenger C.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-010-0986-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.22372"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90380-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006451107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02888"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Expression of the SRY\u2010related HMG box protein SOX2 in human gastric carcinoma","volume":"24","author":"Li XL","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2007-131-1304-ICOAGC"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970220)74:1<35::AID-IJC7>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"The comparative anatomy and pathology of anal glands. 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