{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T01:10:05Z","timestamp":1759972205455,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]],"date-time":"2018-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24119002","26220004","15H01119","15K08134","15H05270","15H01121","16K15535","17H05294","15K15014002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24119002","26220004","15H01119","15K08134","15H05270","15H01121","16K15535","17H05294","15K15014002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recently, our research group has utilized serial histological sections to investigate the morphogenesis of the middle ear, which corresponds to the period of middle ear ossicle (MEO) cartilage formation. However, research regarding middle ear development during the post\u2010embryonic period has been limited. In the present study, we investigated morphogenesis of the middle ear in human fetuses with a crown\u2010rump length (CRL) between 37 and 197 mm using high\u2010resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our findings indicated that the morphology of the MEOs is similar during fetal development and adulthood; further, growth of the MEOs nearly ceases once a CRL of 150 mm is attained. In each MEO, ossification spreads from a single center. The malleus and Meckel's cartilage could be discriminated in samples exhibiting a CRL of 145 mm based on differences in MRI signal intensity. In samples with a CRL of 86 mm, the tympanic cavity (TC) appeared as a thin yet distinct structure attached to the external auditory meatus at the convex surface. Only the handle of the malleus was covered by the TC, while the incus and stapes contacted the cavity at the region of articulation between the two ossicles only, even after a CRL of 145 mm had been attained. Thus, although the TC increased in both diameter and thickness, coverage did not extend across all three MEOs during the observation period. These data are expected to provide a useful standard for morphogenesis and may aid researchers in distinguishing between normal and abnormal development. Anat Rec, 301:757\u2013764, 2018. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T23:34:35Z","timestamp":1513812875000},"page":"757-764","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Morphogenesis of the Middle Ear during Fetal Development as Observed Via Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"301","author":[{"given":"Sae","family":"Ohtsuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto 606\u20108507 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aoi","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto 606\u20108507 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8194-6927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigehito","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto 606\u20108507 Japan"},{"name":"Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto, 606\u20108501 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirohiko","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics Kyoto University Kyoto, 606\u20108501 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics Kyoto University Kyoto, 606\u20108501 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9660-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Takakuwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto 606\u20108507 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1949.00700010774010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348946006900212"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Part II The ear. In: Developmental anatomy in Surgical Anatomy of the Temporal Bone and Ear","author":"Anson BJ","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Ossification of the otic capsule in human fetuses","volume":"21","author":"Bast TH.","year":"1930","journal-title":"Contrib Embryol"},{"volume-title":"The Temporal Bone and the Ear","year":"1949","author":"Bast TH","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1942.03760060131008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1962.00740050208004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2004.00250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420010306"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr2369w","article-title":"Morphological and morphometrical study of the human ossicular chain: a review of the literature and a meta\u2010analysis of experience over 50 years","volume":"8","author":"Noussios G","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00305401"},{"volume-title":"Developmental stages in human embryos: including a revision of Streeter's Horizons and a survey of the Carnegie Collection","year":"1987","author":"O'Rahilly R","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471973084"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23457"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"The development and adult structure of the malleus, incus and stapes","volume":"28","author":"Richany SF","year":"1954","journal-title":"Q Bull Northwest Univ Med Sch"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348945406300212"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2009.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000147188"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2009.01105.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00524.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-4520.1991.tb00360.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"The histogenesis and growth of the otic capsule and its contained periotic tissue\u2010spaces in the human embryo","volume":"7","author":"Streeter GL.","year":"1918","journal-title":"Contrib Embryol Carneg Instn"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Morphometrical and morphological variations of middle ear and ossicles in the newborn","volume":"24","author":"Unur E","year":"2002","journal-title":"Erciyes Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Development of the dynamic structure (force lines) of the middle ear ossicles in human foetuses","volume":"23","author":"Whyte J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20048"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Far.23760","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.23760","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T19:57:57Z","timestamp":1759953477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.23760"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.23760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.23760","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1932-8486"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-8494"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]}}}