{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T13:18:20Z","timestamp":1774876700555,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,22]],"date-time":"2018-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasolacrimal ducts are a terrestrial vertebrate adaptation and appear to have co\u2010evolved with orbital glands. Although plethodontid salamanders possess orbital glands, a recent study concluded that plethodontid salamanders lack nasolacrimal ducts. Functionally, the absence of nasolacrimal ducts closes the route for orbital gland secretion passage into the nasal and vomeronasal organ cavities. Orbital glands have been implicated in enhancement of vomeronasal function so loss could have important implications for communication. Multiple older studies depict or discuss nasolacrimal ducts in plethodontid salamanders. Interestingly, the only consensus between recent and older literature is that <jats:italic>Desmognathus<\/jats:italic> lacks nasolacrimal ducts. To determine if plethodontid salamanders truly lack nasolacrimal ducts, we sectioned plethodontid salamander heads for general histological examination of species from the majority of the plethodontid tribes. From our representative sample, we found only two species that completely lacked nasolacrimal ducts (<jats:italic>Desmognathus fuscus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Eurycea tynerensis<\/jats:italic>) and one species that possessed nasolacrimal ducts that ended blindly before reaching the nasal cavities (<jats:italic>E. spelaea<\/jats:italic>). Bayesian ancestral state reconstruction resulted in the presence of nasolacrimal ducts on the branch leading to Plethodontidae and both subfamilies within Plethodontidae, with two independent losses in <jats:italic>Desmognathus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Eurycea<\/jats:italic>. Anat Rec, 301:765\u2013775, 2018. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]],"date-time":"2017-12-28T10:42:51Z","timestamp":1514457771000},"page":"765-775","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Lack of Nasolacrimal Ducts in Plethodontid Salamanders?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"301","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5818-6897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dustin S.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Sever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Southeastern Louisiana University (Emeritus) Hammond Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanley E.","family":"Trauth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Arkansas State University (Emeritus) State University Arkansas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1983.tb05620.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"AmphibiaWeb.2017.http:\/\/amphibiaweb.orbUniversity of California Berkeley CA USA. 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