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Included in this review, we mention variant anatomy, molecular development, histology, and imaging of the accessory nerve. Conclusions: The accessory nerve continues to be a topic of much discussion regarding its exact function and in particular to its cranial roots. Recently, various surgical procedures have been devised that repurpose the accessory nerve (e.g., lengthening procedures, contralateral neurotization procedures). Currently, we continue to learn and have much to learn about this lower cranial nerve. Anat Rec, 302:620\u2013629, 2019. \u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T12:08:38Z","timestamp":1523880518000},"page":"620-629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The Accessory Nerve: A Comprehensive Review of its Anatomy, Development, Variations, Landmarks and Clinical Considerations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"302","author":[{"given":"Jaspreet","family":"Johal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences St. George's University St. George's Grenada"},{"name":"Seattle Science Foundation Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8502-7952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joe","family":"Iwanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Science Foundation Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Tubbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Science Foundation Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marios","family":"Loukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences St. George's University St. George's Grenada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rod J.","family":"Oskouian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Science Foundation Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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