{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T14:58:43Z","timestamp":1772117923159,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]],"date-time":"2018-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002924","name":"Federaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola de Enfermedades Raras","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAF2016\u201075768\u2010R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2016\u201075768\u2010R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Originally discovered in elasmobranchs by Fritsh in 1878, the nervus terminalis has been found in virtually all species, including humans. After more than one\u2010century debate on its nomenclature, it is nowadays recognized as cranial pair zero. The nerve mostly originates in the olfactory placode, although neural crest contribution has been also proposed. Developmentally, the nervus terminalis is clearly observed in human embryos; subsequently, during the fetal period loses some of its ganglion cells, and it is less recognizable in adults. Fibers originating in the nasal cavity passes into the cranium through the middle area of the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone. Intracranially, fibers joint the telencephalon at several sites including the olfactory trigone and the primordium of the hippocampus to reach preoptic and precommissural regions. The nervus terminalis shows ganglion cells, that sometimes form clusters, normally one or two located at the base of the crista galli, the so\u2010called ganglion of the nervus terminalis. Its function is uncertain. It has been described that its fibers facilitates migration of luteinizing hormone\u2010releasing hormone cells to the hypothalamus thus participating in the development of the hypothalamic\u2013gonadal axis, which alteration may provoke Kallmann's syndrome in humans. This review summarizes current knowledge on this structure, incorporating original illustrations of the nerve at different developmental stages, and focuses on its anatomical and clinical relevance. Anat Rec, 302:394\u2013404, 2019. \u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T21:00:11Z","timestamp":1523912411000},"page":"394-404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Cranial Pair 0: The Nervus Terminalis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"302","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6152-827X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Pe\u00f1a\u2010Meli\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Anatom\u00eda y Embriolog\u00eda Humana, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid 28040 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Cabello\u2010de la Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neurolog\u00eda Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real Ciudad Real 13005 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Gallardo\u2010Alca\u00f1iz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neurolog\u00eda Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real Ciudad Real 13005 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Vaamonde\u2010Gamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neurolog\u00eda Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real Ciudad Real 13005 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Relea\u2010Calatayud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Anatom\u00eda Patol\u00f3gica Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real Ciudad Real 13005 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Anatom\u00eda Patol\u00f3gica Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real Ciudad Real 13005 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Villanueva\u2010Anguita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneraci\u00f3n, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad de Castilla\u2010La Mancha Ciudad Real 13071 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Flores\u2010Cuadrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneraci\u00f3n, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad de Castilla\u2010La Mancha Ciudad Real 13071 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Saiz\u2010S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneraci\u00f3n, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad de Castilla\u2010La Mancha Ciudad Real 13071 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alino","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneraci\u00f3n, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad de Castilla\u2010La Mancha Ciudad Real 13071 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900300402"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"BochenekA.1899.Die nervenbahnen des vorderhirn von salamandra maculosa. Anz. Akad. Wissensch. In Krakau no.7:338\u2013346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901590206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00305346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780190228958.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.920200202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900240203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900280203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900210303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318911"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Ontogeny of GnRH systems","volume":"49","author":"Caldani M","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000047223"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.22471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-8090-7_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000147528"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb36281.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","volume-title":"The cranial nerves","author":"Doyon D","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","volume-title":"Gray's anatomy for students","author":"Drake R","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","volume-title":"Terminolog\u00eda anat\u00f3mica","author":"FCAT","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","volume-title":"Untersuchungen \u00fcber des fieneren bau des fisch\u2010gehirns mit besonderer ber\u00fccksichtigung der homologien bei anderen wirbeltthierklassen","author":"Fritsch G.","year":"1878"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Nervus terminalis (cranial nerve zero) in the adult human","volume":"9","author":"Fuller GN","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Neuropathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","volume-title":"Fundamental neuroscience for basic and clinical applications","author":"Haines DE.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.920190204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000116515"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090070802"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090080402"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900230202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","volume-title":"Vertebrates: comparative, anatomy, function, evolution","author":"Kardong KV.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","volume-title":"Barr's the human nervous system: an anatomical viewpoint","author":"Kiernan J","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2015.30.4.456"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.910050302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900300102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348945005900211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"On a newly recognized nerve connected with the forebrain in selachians","volume":"26","author":"Locy WA.","year":"1905","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2008.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090090304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900210304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2012.752459"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(96)12830-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","volume-title":"Clinically oriented anatomy","author":"Moore KL","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000081720"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000116541"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-34686-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000147527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(94)90037-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000116560"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb36316.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","volume-title":"Anatom\u00eda humana","author":"Orts\u2010Llorca F.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900750104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"Die hirnnerven des protopteurs annectens","volume":"4","author":"Pinkus F.","year":"1895","journal-title":"Morph Arb"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","volume-title":"Morphologie evolutive des chord\u00e9s","author":"Pirlot P.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb36298.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","volume-title":"Vertebrate body","author":"Romer AF.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902550207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902380309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/338161a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(02)41084-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901910205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.980050607"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","unstructured":"S\u00f6mmeringST.1778. Dissertatio de basi encephali et originibus nervorum cranio egredientium libri quinque. Gottingae: Abr. Vandenhoeck Viduam."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","volume-title":"Neuroanatomy, cranial nerve 0 (terminal nerve)","author":"Sonne J","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00713-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","volume-title":"Gray's anatomy. The anatomical basis of clinical practice","author":"Standring S.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2014.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","volume-title":"The human brain: an introduction to its functional anatomy","author":"Vanderah TGDJ.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22130"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.b.20016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","volume-title":"Cranial nerves: functions & dysfunctions","author":"Wilson\u2010Pauwels LA","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22389"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91655-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00304609"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(96)00610-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2302\/kjm.50.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(02)41083-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb36296.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.20.8132"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(89)90295-2"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Far.23826","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.23826","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T13:29:40Z","timestamp":1759930180000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.23826"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.23826"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.23826","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.739747697.793583822","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-07-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-12-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}