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The improper formation or function of this nucleus leads pathologies such as strabismus. We describe the OM organization and function in different vertebrate brains, including chick, mouse, and human. The morphological localization is detailed, as well as the spatial relation with the trochlear nucleus in order to adjust some misleading anatomical topographic descriptions. We detailed the signaling processes needed for the specification of the OM neurons. The transcriptional programs driven the specification and differentiation of these neurons are partially determined. We summarized recent genetic studies that have led to the identification of guidance mechanisms involved in the migration, axon pathfinding, and targeting of the OM neurons. Finally, we overviewed the pathology associated to genetic malformations in the OM development and related clinical alterations. Anat Rec, 302:446\u2013451, 2019. \u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T20:56:20Z","timestamp":1523912180000},"page":"446-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Amniote Oculomotor Complex"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"302","author":[{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Company","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010CSIC Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante 03550 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Antonio","family":"Moreno\u2010Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010CSIC Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante 03550 Spain"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 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