{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T20:59:03Z","timestamp":1771275543616,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]],"date-time":"2018-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01 DC014679\u201001A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01 DC014679\u201001A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The human soft palate plays an important role in respiration, swallowing, and speech. These motor activities depend on reflexes mediated by sensory nerve endings. To date, the details of human sensory innervation to the soft palate have not been demonstrated. In this study, eight adult human whole\u2010mount (soft palate\u2010tongue\u2010pharynx\u2010larynx\u2010upper esophagus) specimens were obtained from autopsy. Each specimen was bisected in the midline, forming two equal and symmetrical halves. Eight hemi\u2010specimens were processed with Sihler's stain, a whole\u2010mount nerve staining technique. The remaining eight hemi\u2010soft palates were used for immunohistochemical study. The soft palatal mucosa was dissected from the oral and nasal sides and prepared for neurofilament staining. Our results showed that the sensory nerve fibers formed a dense nerve plexus in the lamina propria of the soft palatal mucosa. There was a significant difference in the innervation density between both sides. Specifically, the oral side had higher density of sensory nerve fibers than the nasal side of the soft palate. The mean number and percent area of the sensory nerve fibers in the mucosa of the nasal side was 78% and 72% of those in the mucosa of the oral side, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The data presented here could be helpful for further investigating the morphological and quantitative alterations in the sensory nerves in certain upper airway disorders involving the soft palate such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and for designing effective therapeutic strategies to treat OSA. Anat Rec, 301:1861\u20131870, 2018. \u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T05:31:00Z","timestamp":1533619860000},"page":"1861-1870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sensory Innervation of the Human Soft Palate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"301","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1670-2061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liancai","family":"Mu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research Hackensack University Medical Center Hackensack New Jersey 07601"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research Hackensack University Medical Center Hackensack New Jersey 07601"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research Hackensack University Medical Center Hackensack New Jersey 07601"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research Hackensack University Medical Center Hackensack New Jersey 07601"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanislaw","family":"Sobotka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research Hackensack University Medical Center Hackensack New Jersey 07601"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York 10029"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Themba","family":"Nyirenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research Hackensack University Medical Center Hackensack New Jersey 07601"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Fowkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York 10029"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Christopherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MN Medtech, Inc, 853 Tanglewood Drive Shoreview Minnesota 55126"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linguaflex, Inc, 322 North Shore Drive, Suite 200 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15212"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949310201007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949610500202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004559910008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215108002971"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200308-1100OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2005.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-011-0597-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200211000-00032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00493169"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(83)90034-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(97)01016-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.3.866"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20654"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1237122"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2747"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(84)90057-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.2.2010012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1277717"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22344"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(01)00676-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"445","article-title":"Genioglossus muscle responses to upper airway pressure changes: afferent pathways","volume":"52","author":"Mathew OP","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Deglutition and its disorders","author":"Miller AJ","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.3.606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(20000401)258:4<406::AID-AR9>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10520290903048384"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-015-9612-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.668"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25726"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health.1993. Wake up America: A national sleep alert. Bethesda MD: National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.5.585"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e32834b7e65","article-title":"Treating obstructive sleep apnea with hypoglossal nerve stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Oliven A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304293281712"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1928.84.1.36","article-title":"A study of the sensory areas eliciting the swallowing reflex","volume":"84","author":"Pommerenk WT.","year":"1928","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.4.1139"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201106-1058OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1602824"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","volume-title":"Gray's anatomy","author":"Standring S.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(68)90079-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.5541011211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304293281704"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Far.23864","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.23864","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T18:17:56Z","timestamp":1759947476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.23864"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.23864"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.23864","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-12-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}