{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T17:19:12Z","timestamp":1790529552081,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SEV\u20102013\u20100295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEV\u20102013\u20100295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intraneural electrodes must be in intimate contact with nerve fibers to have a proper function, but this interface is compromised due to the foreign body reaction (FBR). The FBR is characterized by a first inflammatory phase followed by a second anti\u2010inflammatory and fibrotic phase, which results in the formation of a tissue capsule around the implant, causing physical separation between the active sites of the electrode and the nerve fibers. We have tested systemically several anti\u2010inflammatory drugs such as dexamethasone (subcutaneous), ibuprofen and maraviroc (oral) to reduce macrophage activation, as well as clodronate liposomes (intraperitoneal) to reduce monocyte\/macrophage infiltration, and sildenafil (oral) as an antifibrotic drug to reduce collagen deposition in an FBR model with longitudinal Parylene C intraneural implants in the rat sciatic nerve. Treatment with dexamethasone, ibuprofen, or clodronate significantly reduced the inflammatory reaction in the nerve in comparison to the saline group after 2 weeks of the implant, whereas sildenafil and maraviroc had no effect on infiltration of macrophages in the nerve. However, only dexamethasone was able to significantly reduce the matrix deposition around the implant. Similar positive results were obtained with dexamethasone in the case of polyimide\u2010based intraneural implants, another polymer substrate for the electrode. These results indicate that inflammation triggers the FBR in peripheral nerves, and that anti\u2010inflammatory treatment with dexamethasone may have beneficial effects on lengthening intraneural interface functionality. Anat Rec, 301:1722\u20131733, 2018. \u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T03:21:18Z","timestamp":1540351278000},"page":"1722-1733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Dexamethasone Reduces the Foreign Body Reaction to Intraneural Electrode Implants in the Peripheral Nerve of the Rat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"301","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1263-2705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nat\u00e0lia","family":"De la Oliva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)  Bellaterra Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9849-902X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)  Bellaterra Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6703-8244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaume","family":"del Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)  Bellaterra Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology  Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/8\/3\/036023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA12693B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI41732"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2010.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21734"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2014.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4636(200108)56:2<261::AID-JBM1094>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/12\/1\/016016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.02.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/13\/3\/036001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36274"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del ValleJ De la OlivaN MullerM StieglitzT NavarroX.2015. Biocompatibility evaluation of parylene C and polyimide as substrates for peripheral nerve interfaces. In:2015 7th International IEEE\/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). p 442\u2013445. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NER.2015.7146654","DOI":"10.1109\/NER.2015.7146654"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-420045-6.00002-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa6bac"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/13\/2\/026006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdl347"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706408"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2016.12482"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.051213"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2009.2031241"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2006.886617"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)29419-2","article-title":"Factors affecting the accelerated blood clearance of polyethylene glycol\u2010liposomes upon repeated injection","volume":"298","author":"Laverman P","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201601022"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Invasive intraneural interfaces: foreign body reaction issues","volume":"11","author":"Lotti F","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.12.1955"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0763-4_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2010.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2008.2006207"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa7eea"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1085-9489.2005.10303.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2012.00167"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surface modification of polyurethane via creating a biocompatible superhydrophilic nanostructured layer: role of surface chemistry and structure","volume":"8080","author":"Noorisafa F","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exp Nanosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","first-page":"CD011801","article-title":"Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma","volume":"2016","author":"Normansell R","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.31088"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.09148"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680800200610"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4054"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006820"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9574LSF"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(00)00192-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2012.11.004"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","first-page":"1858","article-title":"CCR1 and CCR5 promote hepatic fibrosis in mice","volume":"119","author":"Seki E","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma8095269"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.08.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cossms.2014.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2003.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.04.019"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","first-page":"1295","article-title":"Steroids as pain relief adjuvants","volume":"56","author":"Vyvey M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680800200504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2017.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.02.024"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Far.23920","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.23920","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:42:41Z","timestamp":1759945361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.23920"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.23920"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.23920","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-10-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}