{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:30:41Z","timestamp":1766158241926,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]],"date-time":"2018-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to characterize the number, type and distribution of immunochemically identified nerves in epithelium and lamina propria of the female rat urethra. Urethras from female Sprague\u2013Dawley rats (n = 12) were fixed, frozen and sectioned (8 \u03bcm). Standard immunohistochemical techniques were used to identify putative nerves using the following antibodies: calcitonin gene related peptide (cgrp), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNos), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (vacht). The number, distribution and characteristics of all immunoreactive (IR) structures adjacent to the urethral epithelium and in the lamina propria was assessed. In the bladder, few cgrp\u2010IR and vacht\u2010IR fibers were associated with the urothelium or suburothelium of the lateral wall. In contrast, large numbers of vacht\u2010IR, nNos\u2010IR and cgrp\u2010IR fibers were found close to the epithelium and subepithelium of the bladder neck and throughout the urethra. The number of cgrp\u2010IR fibers was significantly higher in the urethra in comparison with the bladder neck. A population of undescribed cgrp\u2010IR cells associated with the bladder neck and proximal urethra has been characterized. Each of these cells appears to be associated with a nerve fiber. In the distal urethra, the number of peptidergic fibers penetrating the epithelium was significantly higher than the rest of the urethra. Clearly, this study has revealed a highly complex and heterogeneous network of putative afferent nerves fibers along the length of the urethra. These structural specializations need to be taken into account when probing the different functions of the urethra. Anat Rec, 302:201\u2013214, 2019. \u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T06:19:06Z","timestamp":1538806746000},"page":"201-214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Innervation of the Epithelium and Lamina Propria of the Urethra of the Female Rat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"302","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2883-6048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Eggermont","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"De Wachter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Eastham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uro\u2010physiology Research Group, The Dental and Medical School Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1999.tb07386.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1925.sp000345"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/54.2.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/64.4.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23434"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"598","article-title":"Is the Urothelium Intelligent?","volume":"29","author":"Birder LA","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeurourolUrodyn"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270911"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274191"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402436111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-015-1122-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.05.094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23795"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1998.274.5.R1473"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006903507321"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-006-0166-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Sensory nerves in the mammalian urinary tract. An evaluation using light and electron microscopy","volume":"117","author":"Gosling JA","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655901750174872"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07752.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.48.547"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-0115(93)90100-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2008.00475.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-199907000-00069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20420"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12919"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22740"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(94)00160-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00443-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2007.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2016.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-2-00359.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000046384.71563.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00453-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","first-page":"1109","article-title":"Innervation of the proximal urethra of ovariectomized and estrogen\u2010treated female rats","volume":"19","author":"Smith PG","year":"2004","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.03.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1937.sp003458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.55.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1964.sp001730"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092330104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.02.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2016.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.09.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-10-04355.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","first-page":"382","article-title":"Urethral musculature and innervation in the female rat","volume":"35","author":"Zhang X","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeurourolUrodyn"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Far.23937","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.23937","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ar.23937","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.23937","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T13:43:50Z","timestamp":1759931030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.23937"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.23937"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.23937","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1932-8486"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-8494"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-10-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-01-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}