{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T06:52:19Z","timestamp":1775285539031,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,12]],"date-time":"2019-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570838400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":345,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1557754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1557754"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2P01 AR 052354\u201006A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2P01 AR 052354\u201006A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Muscles of the mesopelagic copepod <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Gaussia princeps<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> (Arthropoda, Crustacea, Calanoida) are responsible for repetitive movements of feeding and swimming appendages that are too fast to be followed by eye. This article provides a comparative functional and ultrastructural description of five muscles that have different contraction speeds and are located within different anatomical sites. All are very fast, as indicated by a thick:thin filament ratio of 3:1 and sarcomere lengths that vary between 1 and 3 \u03bcm. Measured lengths of thin and thick filaments indicate classification of the muscles into three distinct groups (short, medium, and long) and predict a difference in speed of up to threefold between fibers with the shortest and longest sarcomeres. Indeed, the kicking movement of the posterior legs (with the shortest sarcomere length) is approximately threefold faster than the simultaneous back\u2010folding of the antennae (with the longest length). Thus, a specific relationship between speed of movement and sarcomere length is established, and we can use the latter to predict the former. Regulatory systems of contraction (sarcoplasmic reticulum [SR] and transverse [T] tubules) match the different contractile properties, varying in frequency of distribution and overall content in parallel to sarcomere variations. All muscles from appendages and body musculature show a unique disposition of contractile material, SR, and T tubules found only in copepod muscles; muscle filaments are grouped in large supermyofibrils that are riddled with frequent cylindrical shafts containing SR and T tubules. This arrangement insures a high spatial frequency of regulatory components. Anat Rec, 301:2164\u20132176, 2018. \u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]],"date-time":"2018-10-12T11:34:36Z","timestamp":1539344076000},"page":"2164-2176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Functionally Driven Modulation of Sarcomeric Structure and Membrane Systems in the Fast Muscles of a Copepod (<scp><i>Gaussia princeps<\/i><\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"301","author":[{"given":"Nosta","family":"Glaser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8374-8468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramesh","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Gilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University  Pacific Grove California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Franzini\u2010Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00026333"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.19.2.359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/7.3.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/13.2.357"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/45.4.672"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047486"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbs088"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1541081"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"104","volume-title":"Myology","author":"Burke RE","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Modulation of muscle and neuromuscular junction in invertebrates","volume":"1","author":"Calabrese RL","year":"1989","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00395588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1971.34.2.274"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.17.3.629"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.6.2.559"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.56.1.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/30.2.6174563"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.70.6.2470"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbu067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013195"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.175.4021.553"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/7.3.435"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.73.1.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","volume-title":"Muscles and their neural control","author":"Hoyle G","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2015.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.80.3.736"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"499","article-title":"Relation entre la rapidit\u00e9 d'un muscle stri\u00e9 et sa structure histologique","volume":"198","author":"Jasper HH","year":"1934","journal-title":"C R Seanc Acad Sci, Paris"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2010.0176"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1981.26.6.1062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1953.sp004948"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156854006777554794"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"561","article-title":"On the anatomy of a marine copepod, \n                     Calanus finmarchicus\n                   (Gunnerus)","volume":"58","author":"Lowe E","year":"1935","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Edinburgh"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","volume-title":"Invertebrate zoology","author":"Meglitsch PA","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.88.1.249"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","first-page":"856","article-title":"Measurement of the locomotion characteristics of copepods attached to a dynamometer sensor","volume":"26","author":"Svetlichny LS","year":"1986","journal-title":"Okeanology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.10.4.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.105676"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(98)80116-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","first-page":"395","article-title":"Directionality and swimming speeds in predator\u2010prey and male\u2010female interactions of \n                     Euchaeta rimana\n                  , a subtropical marine copepod","volume":"43","author":"Yen J","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bull Mar Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1991.36.2.0362"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Far.23966","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.23966","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ar.23966","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/ar.23966","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.23966","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/ar.23966","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.23966","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T19:02:57Z","timestamp":1759950177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.23966"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.23966"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.23966","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-03-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}