{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T19:49:05Z","timestamp":1760644145607,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31572478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31572478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to describe the morphology, expression of IgA and IgG in adult yak tonsils. The 12 clinically healthy yak tonsils [3\u2010 to 6\u2010year old, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 12] were examined for morphology using light, and transmission electron microscopes. Expression of IgA and IgG was measured by qRT\u2010PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the palatine tonsil, the tonsil of the soft palate, and the lingual tonsil were oropharyngeal tonsils. The stratified squamous epithelia covering them had a thick underlying layer of connective tissue and their crypts were heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes. The pharyngeal tonsil and the tubal tonsil were nasopharyngeal tonsils. The epithelia of them was predominantly pseudostratified columnar ciliary epithelium, which were loosely arranged with a number of desmosomes or intermediate junctions variably connecting them. The expression levels of IgA and IgG mRNA and protein from high to low was in the pharyngeal tonsil, palatine tonsil, tonsil of the soft palate, lingual tonsil, and tubal tonsil, respectively. Interestingly, the expression of IgG was very significantly higher than that of IgA in yak tonsils (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Both the IgA and IgG ASCs were distributed in the subepithelial areas of the non\u2010reticular crypt epithelium, especially areas of pseudostratified columnar ciliary epithelium, the reticular crypt epithelium, lymphoid follicles, interfollicular areas, and with some of the positive cells aggregating around the glands. The results indicated that the tonsils were not only typical secondary lymphoid organs but also lymphoepithelial structures. IgG could be a significant component of mucosal immune responses in yak tonsils. Anat Rec, 302:999\u20131009, 2019. \u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]],"date-time":"2018-10-26T10:58:26Z","timestamp":1540551506000},"page":"999-1009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Yak (<i>Bos grunniens<\/i>) Tonsils: Morphological Description and Expression of IgA and IgG"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"302","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0138-9228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Anatomy and Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Gansu Agricultural University  Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Anatomy 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