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It is avascular, transparent, and highly innervated. In certain pathologies, such as diabetes, limbal stem cell deficiency, or trauma, the cornea may be exposed to hypoxia for variable lengths of time. Due to its avascularity, the cornea requires atmospheric oxygen, and a reduction in oxygen availability can impair its physiology and function. We hypothesize that hypoxia alters membrane stiffness and the deposition of matrix proteins, leading to changes in cell migration, focal adhesion formation, and wound repair. Two systems\u2014a 3D corneal organ culture model and polyacrylamide substrates of varying stiffness\u2014were used to examine the response of corneal epithelium to normoxic and hypoxic environments. Exposure to hypoxia alters the deposition of the matrix proteins such as laminin and Type IV collagen. In addition, previous studies had shown a change in fibronectin after injury. Studies performed on matrix\u2010coated acrylamide substrates ranging from 0.2 to 50\u2009kPa revealed stiffness\u2010dependent changes in cell morphology. The localization, number, and length of paxillin pY118\u2010 and vinculin pY1065\u2010containing focal adhesions were different in wounded corneas and in human corneal epithelial cells incubated in hypoxic environments. Overall, these results demonstrate that low\u2010oxygenated environments modify the composition of the extracellular matrix, basal lamina stiffness, and focal adhesion dynamics, leading to alterations in the function of the cornea. Anat Rec, 2019. \u00a9 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T15:49:10Z","timestamp":1552405750000},"page":"1703-1716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Role of Hypoxia in Corneal Extracellular Matrix Deposition and Cell Motility"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"303","author":[{"given":"Obianamma E.","family":"Onochie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Boston University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwuli J.","family":"Onyejose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Boston University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celeste 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