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Little is known regarding the role of EVs in the cornea; however, we have demonstrated that EVs isolated from corneal epithelial cells direct corneal keratocytes to initiate fibrosis. Intriguingly, our data suggest that EVs do not penetrate epithelial basement membrane (BM), perhaps providing a mechanism explaining the importance of BM in the lack of scarring in scrape wounds. Since over 100\u2010million people worldwide suffer from visual impairment as a result of corneal scarring, the role of EVs may be vital to understanding the mechanisms of wound repair. Therefore, we investigated EVs in <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\u2010like three\u2010dimensional cultures of human corneal cells using transmission electron microscopy. Some of the major findings were all three major cell types (epithelial, fibroblast, and endothelial cells) appear to release EVs, EVs can be identified using TEM, and EVs appeared to be involved in cell\u2013cell communication. Interestingly, while our previous publication suggests that EVs do not penetrate the epithelial BM, it appears that EVs penetrate the much thicker endothelial BM (Descemet's membrane). These findings indicate the huge potential of EV research in the cornea and wound healing, and suggest that during homeostasis the endothelium and stromal cells are in communication. Anat Rec, 2019. \u00a9 2019 The Authors. <jats:italic>The Anatomical Record<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T10:58:10Z","timestamp":1559041090000},"page":"1727-1734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Extracellular Vesicles and Cell\u2013Cell Communication in the Cornea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"303","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3730-6180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James D.","family":"Zieske","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute\/Massachusetts Eye and Ear Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey E. 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