{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:31:52Z","timestamp":1780072312563,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]],"date-time":"2019-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["16K08435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K08435"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although pulmonary ganglia were considered to be an analogue of the myenteric ganglia of intestines in embryos, there seemed to be no morphological evaluation in the later stage of development. We conducted immunostainings of intrapulmonary nerves using 17 human fetuses at 14\u201318 and 28\u201334\u2009weeks. The ganglion cells were small (15\u201320\u2009\u03bcm in diameter) in the earlier group, but they increased in size (20\u201330\u2009\u03bcm) in the late group. One ganglion, containing 5\u201330 cell bodies, was usually located \u201coutside\u201d of the bronchial smooth muscle or cartilage. In addition, a few ganglion was found beneath the mucosa of the trachea and principal bronchi. The highest density of ganglia (5\u201315 ganglia per section with 50\u2009\u03bcm interval) was found at the origin of the subsegmental bronchi, but ganglia were absent along more peripheral bronchi those are responsible for contraction and obstruction of the airway. Therefore, in topographical relation between smooth muscle and nerve, intrapulmonary intrinsic neurons were different from intestinal myenteric neurons. Consequently, a previous hypothesis of \u201cembryonic intramuscular bronchial ganglia\u201d seemed not to be based on observations of the peripheral bronchus but on the central bronchus than the sub\u2010subsegmental level. An extrinsic migration and redistribution of ganglia might occur at midterm to provide the final location outside of airway smooth muscles. Finally, no ganglion cell bodies were positive either for neuronal nitric oxide synthase or tyrosine hydroxylase. Instead of the classical entity of autonomic nerves, nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) innervation might be dominant even in fetuses. Anat Rec, 302:2233\u20132244, 2019. \u00a9 2019 American Association for Anatomy<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T07:09:54Z","timestamp":1561532994000},"page":"2233-2244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ganglia in the Human Fetal Lung"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"302","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7751-0469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang Ho","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Hospital Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science  Iksan\u2010si Jeollabuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9653-7261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Medical School of Chonbuk National University  Jeonju Jeollabuk\u2010do South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe Wu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Wuxi School of Medicine Jiangnan University  Wuxi Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Akita University School of Medicine  Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gen","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Sapporo Asuka Hospital  Chuou\u2010ku Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5423-4492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Francisco","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Human embryology, Institute of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine Complutense University  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890210110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.39.8.561"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0246OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.1.8680682"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1996.tb17547.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22227"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.2014.47.1.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-013-0205-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-014-1869-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2535\/ofaj.87.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-014-1289-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23365"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.2018.51.4.266"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.67.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1998.tb00227.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026422514221"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2009-0130OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2009.2790"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.20.4.3385"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"2703","article-title":"Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice","volume":"26","author":"Standring S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000026376"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","volume-title":"Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of medicine and surgery","author":"Williams PL","year":"1995"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Far.24208","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.24208","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ar.24208","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.24208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T13:40:27Z","timestamp":1759930827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.24208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.24208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.24208","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}