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Longer fascicles permit increased muscle excursion, whereas changes in fascicle orientation relate to the overall vector of contractile force. Collecting data on fascicle architecture has traditionally involved destructive and irreversible gross dissection. In recent years, however, new imaging modalities have permitted muscles and their fascicles to be visualized nondestructively. Here, we present data from a primate (<jats:italic>Callithrix jacchus<\/jats:italic>), in which, for the first time, individual muscle fascicles are digitally \u201cdissected\u201d (segmented and reconstructed) using nondestructive, high\u2010resolution diffusible iodine\u2010based contrast\u2010enhanced computed tomography (DiceCT) techniques. We also present quantitative data on the length and orientation of these fascicles within 10 muscle divisions of the jaw adductor and abductor musculature (superficial, deep, and zygomatic portions of temporalis and masseter; medial and lateral pterygoid; anterior and posterior digastric) and compare these digitally measured lengths to fascicular lengths measured using traditional gross and chemical dissection. Digitally derived fascicle lengths correspond well to their dissection\u2010derived counterparts. Moreover, our analyses of changes in fascicle orientation across the adductor complex enable us to visualize previously uncharacterized levels of detail and highlight significant variation between adjacent muscle layers within muscle groups (e.g., between superficial, deep, and zygomatic portions of masseter and temporalis). We conclude that this technique offers great potential to future research, particularly for questions centered around the visualization and quantification of obscured and often\u2010overlooked muscles such as the pterygoid and digastric muscles, and for deriving more accurate models of the masticatory system as a whole. Anat Rec, 302:1891\u20131900, 2019. \u00a9 2019 American Association for Anatomy<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T11:58:14Z","timestamp":1561723094000},"page":"1891-1900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Visualization and Quantification of Digitally Dissected Muscle Fascicles in the Masticatory Muscles of <i>Callithrix jacchus<\/i> Using Nondestructive DiceCT"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"302","author":[{"given":"Edwin","family":"Dickinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Basham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avadh","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stryker Orthopaedics  Kalamazoo Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5307-5573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Hartstone\u2010Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North 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