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Simulations were validated by visualizing the flow of aerosolized lipids in excised lungs with good but not perfect agreement. The lung of this lizard has numerous successive bronchi branching off a long intrapulmonary bronchus, which are interconnected by intercameral perforations. Unidirectional flow has been documented in the lateral secondary bronchi of the savannah monitor, but patterns of airflow in the rest of the lung remain unknown, hindering our understanding of the evolution of pulmonary patterns of airflow in tetrapods. These results indicate that the lung contains a unique net unidirectional flow, where the overall flow scheme is similar during expiration and late inspiration, but dissimilar during early inspiration. Air is transported net caudally through the intrapulmonary bronchus and net craniad through secondary bronchi, much like the pattern of flow in birds. The simulations show that many chambers feature flow in multiple directions during parts of the respiratory cycle, but some regions also show robust unidirectional airflow. Air moves craniad through secondary bronchi and between adjacent secondary bronchi through intercameral perforations. The first secondary bronchus, the hilar\u2010cranial bronchus, contains tidal flow that may improve ventilation of the central and dorsal lung parenchyma. These results expand our understanding of flow patterns in varanid lungs and suggest lungs with net unidirectional flow as an evolutionary pathway between tidal flow and complete unidirectional flow in multicameral lungs. Anat Rec, 2020. \u00a9 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:1768\u20131791, 2020. \u00a9 2019 American Association for Anatomy<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T02:10:44Z","timestamp":1571969444000},"page":"1768-1791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Computational Fluid Dynamics Reveals a Unique Net Unidirectional Pattern of Pulmonary Airflow in the Savannah Monitor Lizard (<b><i>Varanus exanthematicus<\/i><\/b>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"303","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6905-9148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert L.","family":"Cieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.G.","family":"Farmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(87)80051-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(91)90125-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Die Lungenmorphologie der Warane (Reptilia: Varanidae) und ihre systematisch\u2010stammesgeschichtliche Bedeutung","volume":"40","author":"Becker H\u2010O","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bonner Zool Beitr\u00e4ge"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.127928"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(88)90010-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rib motions don't completely hinge on joint design: costal joint anatomy and ventilatory kinematics in a teiid lizard, Salvator merianae","volume":"1","author":"Capano JG","year":"2019","journal-title":"Integr Org Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-10-65"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1405088111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-016-0983-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"221:jeb.189449","article-title":"Breathing with floating ribs: XROMM analysis of lung ventilation in savannah monitor lizards","author":"Cieri RL","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Coelom\u2010Gliederung der Wirbeltiere\u2010Funktionelle Aspekte","volume":"72","author":"Duncker H\u2010R","year":"1978","journal-title":"Verh Anat Ges"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Unidirectional flow in lizard lungs: a paradigm shift in our understanding of lung evolution in Diapsida","volume":"188","author":"Farmer CG","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fortschr Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Similarity of crocodilian and avian lungs indicates unidirectional flow is ancestral for archosaurs","volume":"55","author":"Farmer CG","year":"2015","journal-title":"Integr Comp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"260","article-title":"The evolution of unidirectional pulmonary airflow","volume":"30","author":"Farmer CG","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1180219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-008-9557-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"401","article-title":"Eine Bauplanalyse der Waranlunge","volume":"16","author":"Kirschfeld U","year":"1970","journal-title":"Zool Beitraege NF"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/507656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/18759866-07001001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2011.0477"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2006.tb00218.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.203.18.2865"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092240409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2009.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntniss der Reptilienlunge. 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