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However, most of them have not been fully described. <jats:italic>Xingxiulong chengi<\/jats:italic> is among the most complete non\u2010sauropodan sauropodomorphs ever discovered from Lufeng Formation and is represented by three partial skeletons. Here, we provide a detailed osteological description of its axial skeleton, including both the cranial and postcranial elements, and compare its anatomy with that of other known non\u2010sauropodan sauropodomorphs. In general, the cranium of <jats:italic>Xingxiulong<\/jats:italic> is more similar to those of more basal sauropodomorphs than to sauropodiforms, as evidenced by features such as an only slightly concave dorsal margin of the postorbital, a caudally placed rostral margin of the infratemporal fenestra not extending below the orbit, and long and slender basipterygoid processes divergent from each other at an angle of approximately 80 degrees. However, its postcranial axial skeleton possesses some unique or relatively derived features among basal sauropodomorphs, such as four sacral vertebrae and caudal dorsal vertebrae with laterally expanded neural spine tables. This provides future workers with a reassessment of non\u2010sauropodan sauropodomorphs through the lens of <jats:italic>Xingxiulong chengi<\/jats:italic>, which will serve to increase our knowledge on the anatomy, phylogeny, and furthermore, evolution of sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Anat Rec, 303:772\u2013789, 2020. \u00a9 2019 American Association for Anatomy<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T08:13:19Z","timestamp":1575533599000},"page":"772-789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cranium and Vertebral Column of <i>Xingxiulong chengi<\/i> (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Early Jurassic of China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"303","author":[{"given":"Ya\u2010Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Geological Museum of China  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Land and Resources of Lufeng County  Lufeng Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi\u2010Wen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Land and Resources of Lufeng County  Lufeng Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2203-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hai\u2010Lu","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment  Beijing China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2014.859147"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-018-0599-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2005)025[0806:COOLHY]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2007.00290.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlx029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2010.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4224"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"689","article-title":"The prosauropod dinosaur Massospondylus carinatus Owen from Zimbabwe: its biology, mode of life and phylogenetic significance","volume":"6","author":"Cooper MR","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nat Sci Ser B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pala.12108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-6724.2010.00332.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/039.029.0102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlx1074"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zoj.12127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2015.980504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4202\/app.00377.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha) aus dem Feuerletten (Mittlekeuper; Obertrias) von Bayern","volume":"24","author":"Moser M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zitteliana Reihe B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2018.0633"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The problem of dinosaur origins: integrating three approaches to the rise of Dinosauria","volume":"103","author":"Padian K","year":"2013","journal-title":"Earth Environ Sci Trans R Soc Edinburgh"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08912960601140085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Evolution and palaeobiology of early sauropodomorph dinosaurs. 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