{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T12:11:29Z","timestamp":1759925489861,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]],"date-time":"2019-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000202","name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The external acoustic meatus (EAM) of most baleen whales accumulates cellular debris annually in the lumen as whales age, forming a lamellated ear plug. The bowhead whale ear plug is formed from annually molting lining of the EAM as the entire epithelium releases at the level of the stratum basale during the spring migration. Epithelial regeneration is mostly completed by the fall migration, remaining intact for 6\u20137\u2009months before being torn off the following spring. Desmosomes are integral to cell\u2013cell adhesion with connecting desmosomal cadherins desmoglein (dsg) and desmocollin (dsc). Paraffin sections of the oral cavity and EAM lining of spring and fall adult bowhead whales, as well as the EAM of spring\u2010caught juvenile, were immunohistochemically examined for the presence of these cadherins. In all fall specimens, both cadherins occurred in all layers except the superficial keratinous layer of the oral cavity. In spring, three different conditions existed: (a) oral cavity of spring\u2010caught adults had reduced cadherins, with superficial fissuring in its keratinized layer and vacuolation in the upper stratum spinosum; (b) EAM of juvenile spring\u2010caught whales displayed fissuring with accompanying reduction of both cadherins in its superficial lining; and (c) EAM lining of spring\u2010caught adults displayed deep fissures, reduced cadherins, and absence of dsc1 in the fissuring zone. These results suggest that shedding of skin layers in mammals, whether normal molting, pathological, or the result of injury and wound repair all revolve around desmosome function. The specific role, structure, and location of these two cadherins need to be further addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T04:25:55Z","timestamp":1576729555000},"page":"3035-3043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The role of desmosomes in the ear plug formation in the bowhead whale (<scp><i>Balaena mysticetus<\/i><\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"303","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2550-905X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan J.","family":"Rehorek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Slippery Rock University  Slippery Rock Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphaela","family":"Stimmelmayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks  Fairbanks Alaska"},{"name":"Department of Wildlife Management North Slope Borough  Alaska"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John Craig","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife Management North Slope Borough  Alaska"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Suydam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife Management North Slope Borough  Alaska"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise L.","family":"McBurney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Northeast Ohio Medical University  Rootstown Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. G. M.","family":"Thewissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Northeast Ohio Medical University  Rootstown Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2007.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/759731"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.3027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0012496616060028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"1179","article-title":"Desmosomes and disease: An update","volume":"17","author":"Chidgey M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200105009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z92-202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a002543"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-005-0573-9"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Pressure ulcer tissue histology: An appraisal of current knowledge","volume":"53","author":"Edsberg L. E.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ost Wound Manag"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2009.00341.x"},{"volume-title":"Textbook of Histology","year":"2017","author":"Gartner L. P.","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156753"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200809044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"71","volume-title":"The Bowhead Whale","author":"Haldiman J. T.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a029157"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12275348"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15419061.2015.1039642"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Formation mechanism of ear plug in baleen whales in relation to glove\u2010finger","volume":"14","author":"Ichihara T.","year":"1959","journal-title":"Sci Rep Whales Res Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Prenatal development of ear plug in baleen whales","volume":"18","author":"Ichihara T.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Sci Rep Whales Res Inst Tokyo"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09524622.1997.9753356"},{"volume-title":"Histology and Cell Neology: An Introduction to Pathology","year":"2016","author":"Kierszenbaum A. L.","key":"e_1_2_7_27_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.105.6.3053"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"413","article-title":"The ear plug of the mysticeti as an indication of age with special reference to the North Atlantic fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus Linn.)","volume":"45","author":"Laws R. M.","year":"1956","journal-title":"Norsk Hvalfangst\u2010Tidende"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"692","article-title":"Age determination by means of the earplug in baleen whales","volume":"34","author":"Lockyer C.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Rep Int Whal Comm"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Statistical modeling of baleen and body length at age in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus)","volume":"90","author":"Lubetkin S. C.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/Z08-028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402040103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/40.9.1506670"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"Dermatoses affecting desmosomes in animals: a mechanistic review of acantholytic blistering skin diseases","volume":"20","author":"Olivry T.","year":"2009","journal-title":"VetDermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1644\/1545-1542(2005)086<0131:EOPEIS>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12908"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","first-page":"268","article-title":"The mechanism of ceruminolysis","volume":"18","author":"Robinson A. C.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Histopathology of pressure ulcers as a result of sequential computer\u2010controlled pressure sessions in a fuzzy rat model","volume":"7","author":"Salcido R.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3175"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/2277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z90-051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08941930490472046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.81.1.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M105769200"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Far.24338","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.24338","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ar.24338","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.24338","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T11:34:13Z","timestamp":1759923253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.24338"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.24338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.24338","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1932-8486"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-8494"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}