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Given that a pregnant female has a finite amount of energy, trade\u2010offs between investment in different tissues may occur. Here we examine if dental precocity accounts for variation in primate gestation length. If true, this could explain why folivorous species with precocial dentition have longer gestation lengths than predicted by neonatal brain and body mass. We compiled data on gestation length, neonate and adult female body and brain mass from the literature. We used published postcanine eruption schedules at 4 months of age and measured the total occlusal area as dental endowment to approximate dental precocity at birth. Species with embryonic delay in growth or altricial neonates were not considered because they represent grade shifts regarding gestation length. Consequently, our data were biased toward Simiiformes and Old World monkeys, specifically. We performed a phylogenetic generalized least squares regression (pGLS) of neonate brain mass in relation to neonate body mass, and a second pGLS with dental endowment as an additional predictor variable. Including dental endowment in the pGLS did not improve the model. Dental endowment did not systematically impact primate gestation length. Concordant with results from previous studies, this indicates that the energetically expensive period of tooth mineralization may occur postnatally. More data are required to examine if the results are typical across primates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T13:20:42Z","timestamp":1588598442000},"page":"2476-2484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Costly teeth? Gestation length in primates suggests that neonate dentition is not expensive to produce"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"303","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5474-0501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie S.","family":"Mongle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1494-9156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3597-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen E.","family":"Samonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Northern Illinois University  Dekalb Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeroen B.","family":"Smaers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5262-1405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carola","family":"Borries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/204350"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.20251"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.21502"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp370"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","volume-title":"Model selection and multimodel inference: A practical information\u2010theoretic approach","author":"Burnham K. 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