{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:29:14Z","timestamp":1791653354867,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]],"date-time":"2020-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SA 469\/34\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SA 469\/34\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here we describe the histology and microanatomy of vertebral centra of the iconic pelycosaur\u2010grade synapsids <jats:italic>Edaphosaurus boanerges<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Dimetrodon<\/jats:italic> spp. Vertebrae from different axial positions and, in the case of <jats:italic>Dimetrodon<\/jats:italic>, from different ontogenetic stages were selected. For the histological description, we produced histological petrographic thin sections ground to a thickness of 50\u201380\u2009\u03bcm of the vertebrae in the sagittal and transversal cutting planes. After the preparation process, the thin sections were examined under transmitted and cross\u2010polarized light in a polarized microscope. The analyzed vertebrae reveal similar bone tissues, where both taxa have cortical parallel\u2010fibered bone (PFB). PFB and lamellar bone (LB) forms in the cancellous part. However, in juvenile <jats:italic>Dimetrodon<\/jats:italic>, woven\u2010fibered bone (WFB) is also deposited and shows a high degree of vascularity. This suggests that <jats:italic>Dimetrodon<\/jats:italic> had slightly faster bone growth than <jats:italic>Edaphosaurus<\/jats:italic>, which is mainly made of PFB and LB and shows poorly developed vascular canals. In addition, one specimen of <jats:italic>Dimetrodon<\/jats:italic> displays the preservation of an ossified notochord, which can be assumed to be indicative of how the intervertebral tissues were developed. Historically, evidence of how the joint between <jats:italic>Dimetrodon<\/jats:italic> vertebral centra was built was lacking until this specimen appeared. If the notochord ran persistently through the vertebrae, it would have possibly increased the stiffness of the vertebral column and would have affected the limbs and locomotion. Furthermore, the organization of trabeculae and relative thickness of the vertebral cortex gives insights into how the animals were adapted to their habitat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T08:29:07Z","timestamp":1591086547000},"page":"570-583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bone histology and microanatomy of <i>Edaphosaurus<\/i> and <i>Dimetrodon<\/i> (Amniota, Synapsida) vertebrae from the Lower Permian of Texas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"304","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2043-5645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amin","family":"Agliano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Paleontology, Institute of Geosciences University of Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4981-4307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. Martin","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Paleontology, Institute of Geosciences University of Bonn  Bonn Germany"},{"name":"Dinosaur Institute Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1157-8604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Wintrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Paleontology, Institute of Geosciences University of Bonn  Bonn Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Anatomy University of Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0094837300016481"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14772019.2011.631042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/e00-106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/facets-2016-0046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1964.tb00488.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Permo\u2010carboniferous red beds of North America and their vertebrate fauna. Publication 207","author":"Case E. C.","year":"1915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Forerunners of mammals: Radiation, histology, biology","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"186","article-title":"A comparative histological study of fossil and recent bone tissues. Part II. Reptilian and bird bone tissues","volume":"9","author":"Enlow D. H.","year":"1957","journal-title":"The Texas Journal of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-019-1047-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francillon\u2010Vieillot H. deBuffr\u00e9nil V. Castanet J. D. G\u00e9raudie J Meunier F. J. Sire J. Y. \u2026 deRicql\u00e8s A. J. (1990). Microstructure and mineralization of vertebrate skeletal tissues.Skeletal Biomineralization: Patterns Processes and Evolutionary Trends. (Vol. I pp. 175\u2013234) New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.","DOI":"10.1029\/SC005p0175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4202\/app.2010.0039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The evolution of the vertebral column. A contribution to the study of vertebrate phylogeny","author":"Gadow H. F.","year":"1933"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401920206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5252\/geodiversitas2018v40a7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4983.2011.01047.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10876"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","volume-title":"Amniote dental histology, development, and variation: Perspectives from the fossil record","author":"LeBlanc A. R. 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