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Morphologic analyses have helped combat this issue by defining anatomic parameters to optimize endoprosthesis loading by maximizing bone\u2010implant contact. These studies have not typically included diaphyseal medullary morphology, as this region is not pertinent to total joint replacement. To the contrary, percutaneous OI endoprostheses for prosthetic limb attachment are placed in the diaphysis of the long bone. This study examined the cortical and medullary morphology of 116 fresh\u2010frozen human cadaveric tibia using computed tomography. Anatomic landmarks were selected and custom MATLAB scripts were used to analyze the cross\u2010sectional cortical and medullary morphology normalized to biomechanical length (BML). BML measured the distance between the tibial plateau and the tibial plafond. Properties such as cortical thickness, medullary diameter, and circularity of the medullary canal were quantified. We tested the influence of sex and laterality on morphology, and examined variations along the length of the bone. Results showed that while both sex and laterality impacted the location of anatomic landmarks, only sex influenced cross\u2010sectional morphology. Overall, morphology significantly affected shape along the length of the bone for all examined properties except medullary circularity. This analysis found that distal to 35% BML, the canal is conducive to a circular implant, with medullary diameter ranging from 13 to 32\u2009mm between 20 and 80% BML. A large size range is necessary for sufficient implant contact in order to accommodate residual limb length after amputation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T13:34:26Z","timestamp":1593092066000},"page":"507-517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cortical and medullary morphology of the tibia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"304","author":[{"given":"Carolyn E.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heath B.","family":"Henninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4435-6378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kent N.","family":"Bachus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-016-0296-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.01295"},{"issue":"274","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Producing and avoiding stress shielding. 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