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Many of these dogs, however, have skulls that are quite altered from those of their closest canid relatives. Housed within these skulls are essential olfactory structures like the cribriform plate that play a role in olfaction and the transmission of olfactory nerve impulses to the olfactory bulb of the brain. With improvements in CT technology and accessibility, we are now able to digitally reconstruct in 3D cribriform plate morphology and study its variation within and among species. In this study, we CT scanned the skulls of 95 dog specimens from 45 different domestic dog breeds and 12 species of wild canid and compared the shape of the cribriform plate among three main groups: domestic dog breeds, wolf\u2010like canids, and fox\u2010like canids. Despite only recent selective pressure for extreme skull morphology, domestic dogs display much more variation in cribriform plate shape than wild canids, indicating that cribriform plate shape is plastic and linked to skull shape. Intense artificial selection on domestic dog skull phenotype in the last 200\u2009years has clear effects on secondary features of the domestic dog skull, implying that selection for overt phenotypes also can impact other anatomical features associated with the skull, like the cribriform plate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T23:27:13Z","timestamp":1601508433000},"page":"190-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The impact of extreme skull morphology in domestic dogs on cribriform plate shape"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"304","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6357-3004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiane","family":"Jacquemetton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Drexler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Kellerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8217-8985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blaire","family":"Van Valkenburgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"The new complete dog book","author":"American Kennel Club","year":"2017"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1986.47.10.2200","article-title":"Pattern of breathing in brachycephalic dogs","volume":"47","author":"Amis T. 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Compendium on continuing education for the practising veterinarian \u2010North American Edition\u2010 Vol25No.1."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome: A review of 118 cases","volume":"22","author":"Lorinson D.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Canine Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.04.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-10-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/VMRR.S60475"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154087"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002849"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24471"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2009.00567.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":"Fundamentals of canine neuroanatomy and neurophysiology","author":"Uemura E. 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