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Here we describe the ontogeny of the posterior end of the primate cartilaginous nasal capsule, the thimble shaped posterior nasal cupula (PNC), which surrounds the hind end of the olfactory region. We used a histologically sectioned sample of strepsirrhine primates and two non\u2010primates (<jats:italic>Tupaia belangeri<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Rousettus leschenaulti<\/jats:italic>), and histochemical and immunohistochemical methods to study the PNC in a perinatal sample. At birth, most strepsirrhines possess only fragments of PNC, and these lack a perichondrium. Fetal specimens of several species reveal a more complete PNC, but the cartilage exhibits uneven or weak reactivity to type II collagen antibodies. Moreover, there is relatively less matrix than in the septal cartilage, resulting in clustering of chondrocytes, some of which are in direct contact with adjacent connective tissues. In one primate (<jats:italic>Varecia<\/jats:italic> spp.) and both non\u2010primates, the PNC has a perichondrium at birth. In older, infant <jats:italic>Varecia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rousettus<\/jats:italic>, the perichondrium of the PNC is absent, and PNC fragmentation at its posterior pole has occurred in the former. Loss of the perichondrium for the PNC appears to precede resorption of the posterior end of the nasal capsule. These results suggest that the consolidation of the basicranial and facial skeletons happens ontogenetically earlier in primates than other mammals. We hypothesize that early loss of cartilage at the sphenoethmoidal articulation limits chondral mechanisms for nasal complexity, such as interstitial expansion or endochondral ossification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]],"date-time":"2020-10-11T09:39:10Z","timestamp":1602409150000},"page":"939-957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Inward collapse of the nasal cavity: Perinatal consolidation of the midface and cranial base in primates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"304","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6883-8964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy Slippery Rock University  Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Ufelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Social Work Slippery Rock University  Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Cray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy The Ohio State College of Medicine  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Division of Biosciences The Ohio State College of Dentistry  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2550-905X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan B.","family":"Rehorek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Slippery Rock University  Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie B.","family":"DeLeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Development of the vomeronasal organ in Rousettus leschenaulti (Megachiroptera, Pteropodidae)","volume":"188","author":"Bhatnagar K. 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