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The effect of SS is particularly evident on the labial glands and the morphological analysis of these minor glands is considered useful for diagnosis. Cevimeline hydrochloride (SNI), a selective muscarinic agonist drug, is one of the elective treatments for the hyposalivation due to SS, acting not only on major salivary glands, but also on labial glands since their secretion is primarily under parasympathetic control. Aim of this study is to describe the morphology of human labial glands treated with SNI by light, transmission, and high\u2010resolution scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, a morphometric analysis was applied to the light and transmission electron microscopy micrographs to obtain data that were then compared with analogous data collected on control and carbachol\u2010treated labial glands. Following SNI administration, the mucous tubules exhibited enlarged lumina, which were filled with a dense mucous secretion. Occasionally, small broken debris of the cells were retrieved into the lumen. In the mucous secretory cells, some mucous droplets fused to form a large vacuole\u2010like structure. Similarly, the seromucous acini showed both dilated lumina and canaliculi. These above reported signs of secretion were confirmed through morphometric analysis and a milder action of SNI than carbachol on labial parenchyma was observed. This study confirmed that SNI also evoked secretion on labial glands and that its effect is more physiologic than that of the pan\u2010muscarinic agonists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T06:59:03Z","timestamp":1615445943000},"page":"2879-2890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reactivity of human labial glands in response to cevimeline treatment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"304","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6600-3883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Loy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari  Monserrato Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6347-4682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Isola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari  Monserrato Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5272-8421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Masala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari  Monserrato Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8211-6191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaella","family":"Isola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari  Monserrato Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2008.00326.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.12010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.165878"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"Autonomic control of salivary secretion","volume":"85","author":"Ekstr\u00f6m J.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2010.00766.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2015.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9969(99)90004-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.11.1293"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210448"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5128"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40820-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Apocrine secretory processes in the goblet cells of rat colon following stimulation with carbamylcholine","volume":"112","author":"Gesase A. 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