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More recently, a technique called diffusible iodine\u2010based contrast\u2010enhanced CT (diceCT) has rendered it possible to study nasal soft tissues. Using diceCT and histology, we aim to (a) explore the utility of these techniques for inferring the presence of venous sinuses that typify respiratory mucosa and (b) inquire whether distribution of vascular mucosa may relate to specialization for derived functions of the nasal cavity (i.e., nasal\u2010emission of echolocation sounds) in bats. Matching histology and diceCT data indicate that diceCT can detect venous sinuses as either darkened, \u201cempty\u201d spaces, or radio\u2010opaque islands when blood cells are present. Thus, we show that diceCT provides reliable information on vascular distribution in the mucosa of the nasal airways. Among the bats studied, a nonecholocating pteropodid (<jats:italic>Cynopterus sphinx<\/jats:italic>) and an oral\u2010emitter of echolocation sounds (<jats:italic>Eptesicus fuscus<\/jats:italic>) possess venous sinus networks that drain into the sphenopalatine vein rostral to the nasopharynx. In contrast, nasopharyngeal passageways of nasal\u2010emitting hipposiderids are notably packed with venous sinuses. The mucosae of the nasopharyngeal passageways are far less vascular in nasal\u2010emitting phyllostomids, in which vascular mucosae are more widely distributed in the nasal cavity, and in some nectar\u2010feeding species, a particularly large venous sinus is adjacent to the vomeronasal organ. Therefore, we do not find a common pattern of venous sinus distribution associated with nasal emission of sounds in phyllostomids and hipposiderids. Instead, vascular mucosa is more likely critical for air\u2010conditioning and sometimes vomeronasal function in all bats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T03:18:34Z","timestamp":1632194314000},"page":"1871-1891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Venous networks in the upper airways of bats: A histological and <scp>diceCT<\/scp> study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"305","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6883-8964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, Slippery Rock University  Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5004-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie B.","family":"DeLeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Florida  Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Eiting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy Brain Institute, University of Utah  Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley M.","family":"Corbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, Slippery Rock University  Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunwar P.","family":"Bhatnagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology University of Louisville  Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6463-3569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharlene E.","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.1983.tb01008.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23844"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000144389"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20601"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"571","article-title":"Comparative anatomy of the vomeronasal organ complex in bats","volume":"122","author":"Cooper J. 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