{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T20:48:10Z","timestamp":1780433290531,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019\u2010105097RB\u2010I00\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019\u2010105097RB\u2010I00\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2020\u2010115854GB\u2010I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020\u2010115854GB\u2010I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The facial differences between recent <jats:italic>Pan troglodytes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic> can be used as a proxy for the reduction of facial prognathism that happened during evolutionary transition between Australopithecines and early <jats:italic>Homo<\/jats:italic>. The projecting nasal morphology of <jats:italic>Homo<\/jats:italic> has been considered both a passive consequence of anatomical reorganization related to brain and integrated craniofacial evolution as well as an adaptation related to air\u2010conditioning during physiological and behavioral shifts in human evolution. Yet, previous research suggested impaired air\u2010conditioning in <jats:italic>Homo<\/jats:italic> challenging respiratory adaptations based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and airflow simulations. Here we improved CFD model at the inflow region and also carried out three\u2010dimensional (3D) geometric morphometrics to address the hypothesis of impaired air\u2010conditioning in humans and species differences in airway shape. With the new CFD model we simulated pressure, velocity, and temperature changes in airflow of six adult humans and six chimpanzees and analyzed 164 semi\u2010landmarks of 10 humans and 10 chimpanzees for 3D size and shape comparisons. Our finding shows significantly different internal 3D nasal airways. Also, species means of pressure, velocity, and temperature differed statistically significantly. However, form\u2010related differences in temperature exchanges seem subtle and may question adaptive disadvantages. We rather support a hypothesis of craniofacial changes in the <jats:italic>Australopithecus<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>Homo<\/jats:italic> transition that are related to brain evolution and craniofacial integration with facial and nasal modifications that contribute to maintain respiratory adaptations related to air conditioning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]],"date-time":"2021-10-16T00:05:57Z","timestamp":1634342757000},"page":"1962-1973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["<scp>Three\u2010dimensional<\/scp> form and function of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx in humans and chimpanzees"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"305","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3141-3401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Bastir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sanz\u2010Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda T\u00e9rmica y Fluidos Universidad de Cartagena  Cartagena Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Burgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda T\u00e9rmica y Fluidos Universidad de Cartagena  Cartagena Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1236828"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"A systems\u2010model for the morphological analysis of integration and modularity in human craniofacial evolution","volume":"86","author":"Bastir M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Biological theory","author":"Bastir M.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3166\/bmsap-2019-0055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Workflows in a virtual morphology lab: 3D scanning, measuring, and printing","volume":"97","author":"Bastir M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23944"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2004.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22359"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2015.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00644.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1593"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-020-1240-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Der Formwandel des Primatensch\u00e4dels und seine Beziehungen zur ontogenetischen Entwicklung und den phylogenetischen Spezialisationen der Kopforgane","volume":"98","author":"Biegert J.","year":"1957","journal-title":"Gegenbaurs Morphologisches Jahrbuch"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/316788a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4611-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otoeng.2017.05.001","article-title":"Virtual surgery for patients with nasal obstruction: Use of computational fluid dynamics (MeComLand\u00ae, Digbody\u00ae & Noseland\u00ae) to document objective flow parameters and optimise surgical results","volume":"69","author":"Burgos M. A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2251219a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703790114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","volume-title":"Essentials of facial growth","author":"Enlow D. H.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","unstructured":"EVAN\u2010Society. (2010).ET Toolkit for geometric morphometric analysis."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23841"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2017.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330750409"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330850406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118659991.ch8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","unstructured":"Hammer \u00d8.(2019).PAST: Palaeontological Statistics version 3.25."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1299\/jbse.8.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3166\/bmsap-2018-0011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.181558"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2018.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.02924.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvjnrtmh"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1998.0287"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8644(2000)43:31 <117::AID-AJPA5>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23840"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Geometric morphometrics trends in biology, paleobiology and archaeology","author":"Meg\u00eda I","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Advances in geometric morphometrics evolutionary","volume":"36","author":"Mitteroecker P.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Correlation of nasal morphology and respiratory function","volume":"39","author":"Mlynski G.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.118059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004807"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2009.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2017.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2013.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86830-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.10070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2009.0306"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.0085"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","first-page":"A39","article-title":"The role of body mass in the evolution of the modern human nasofacial skeleton","volume":"2010","author":"Yokley T.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Paleoanthropology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20893"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006616"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.24790","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ar.24790","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.24790","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T19:27:01Z","timestamp":1759951621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.24790"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.24790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.24790","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}