{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:40:00Z","timestamp":1790743200985,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000160","name":"Division of Earth Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF EAR\u2010PF 1952888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF EAR\u2010PF 1952888"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000160","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000155","name":"Division of Environmental Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF DDIG 1701745"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF DDIG 1701745"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The dorsoventrally flattened skull typifies extant Crocodylia perhaps more than any other anatomical feature and is generally considered an adaptation for semi\u2010aquatic feeding. Although the evolutionary origins of caniofacial flattening have been extensively studied, the developmental origins have yet to be explored. To understand how the skull table and platyrostral snout develop, we quantified embryonic development and post\u2010hatching growth (ontogeny) of the crocodylian skull in lateral view using geometric morphometrics. Our dataset (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0103) includes all but one extant genus and all of the major ecomorphs, including the extremely slender\u2010snouted <jats:italic>Gavialis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Tomistoma<\/jats:italic>. Our analysis reveals that the embryonic development of the flattened skull is remarkably similar across ecomorphs, including the presence of a conserved initial embryonic skull shape, similar to prior analysis of dorsal snout shape. Although differences during posthatching ontogeny are recovered among ecomorphs, embryonic patterns are not distinct, revealing an important shift in developmental rate near hatching. In particular, the flattened skull table is achieved by the end of embryonic development with no changes after hatching. Further, the rotation of skull roof and facial bones during development is critical for the stereotypical flatness of the crocodylian skull. Our results suggest selection on hatchling performance and constraints on embryonic skull shape may have been important in this pattern of developmental conservation. The appearance of aspects of cranial flatness among Jurassic stem crocodylians suggests key aspects of these cranial developmental patterns may have been conserved for over 200 million years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T07:39:05Z","timestamp":1635147545000},"page":"2838-2853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Developmental origins of the crocodylian skull table and platyrostral face"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"305","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6836-0569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary S.","family":"Morris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8838-0698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kent A.","family":"Vliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9147-0168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arhat","family":"Abzhanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London  Berkshire UK"},{"name":"Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0717-1841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie E.","family":"Pierce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2013.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.002709"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Adams D. C. Collyer M. L. Kaliontzopoulou A. &Balken E.(2021).Geomorph: Software for geometric morphometric analyses. R package version 3.3.2.https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=geomorph"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.092866"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(97)85012-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1668\/0003-1569(2001)041[0564:CSISAT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology","author":"Busbey A. B.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"456","volume-title":"Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data. Geometry and Biology","author":"Bookstein F. L.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Peramorphosis, an evolutionary developmental mechanism in neotropical bat skull diversity","volume":"1","author":"Camacho J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Developmental Dynamics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13227-020-00156-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012632590-4\/50011-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"Collyer M. L.&Adams D. C.(2021).RRPP: Linear model evaluation with randomized residuals in a permutation procedure.https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/RRPP"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03949370.2019.1592231"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"507","article-title":"A synthetic approach for assessing the interplay of form and function in the crocodyliform snout","volume":"188","author":"Drumheller S. K.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.1994.Supplement.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031781"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0288-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","first-page":"329","volume-title":"Biology of the reptilia","author":"Ferguson M. W. J.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062339"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jzo.12349"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2000)020[0049:TSOPHA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/9781486300679"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10524"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Biology of the reptilia","author":"Iordansky N. N.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1248"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Biology of the reptilia","author":"Langston W.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24550"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/fzqxv"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20360"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12439"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2020.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.2389"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cretres.2016.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","unstructured":"Olsen A. M.&Haber A. (2017).StereoMorph: Stereo camera calibration and reconstruction. Version 1.6.1.https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=StereoMorph."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12326"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10627"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4983.2009.00904.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-142x.2010.00442.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13227-015-0020-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1666\/07006.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.21.110190.001503"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.0329"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.156281"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1955.tb07813.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1655\/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-11-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/SP379.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-336"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlw027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36795-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12382"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.099994"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","first-page":"488","volume-title":"Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists: A Primer","author":"Zelditch M. L.","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.24802","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ar.24802","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/ar.24802","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.24802","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T13:12:47Z","timestamp":1759929167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.24802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.24802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.24802","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}