{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:52:48Z","timestamp":1790765568777,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004263","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAPERGS 21\/2551\u20130000680\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPERGS 21\/2551\u20130000680\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNPq process141041\/2015\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq process141041\/2015\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The notarium is a rigid bony structure, which resulted from the fusion of thoracic vertebrae of some pterosaurs and birds. It is high variable, ranging from two to six fused thoracic vertebrae. In this study, we reviewed and analyzed approximately 270 specimens of neornithine birds (representing 80% of the living orders) and some fossils in order to identify the number of fused vertebrae, degree and sites of vertebral fusion, occurrence of sutures, and other structures of potential phylogenetic and functional significance. These data were analyzed using a recent time\u2010calibrated molecular phylogenetic tree and principal component analyses analysis evaluating the relationship with long bones in order to reconstruct macroevolutionary trends related to the evolution of the notarium. The occurrence of this structure shows a mosaic distribution over neornithine phylogeny, originating several times independently, especially during the Paleogene, in predominantly ground\u2010dwelling forms. The notarium of these groups is characterized by: neural spines fused into single structure, intervertebral openings small to absent, large ventral keels forming ventral plates, and fused transverse processes. Derived neornithines, such as aquatic forms and long\u2010legged birds, have a tendency to display a decreased degree of fusion between the vertebrae, which may indicate a reduction or disappearance of the notarium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:08:01Z","timestamp":1639526881000},"page":"2079-2098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Review of morphology, development, and evolution of the notarium in birds"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"305","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3204-3342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex S.","family":"Aires","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ecologia e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o da Biodiversidade Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6230-5086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leici M.","family":"Reichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ecologia e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o da Biodiversidade Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8894-9875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo T.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Apoio \u00e0 Pesquisa Paleontol\u00f3gica da Quarta Col\u00f4nia Universidade Federal de Santa Maria  Santa Maria RS Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Animal Universidade Federal de Santa Maria  Santa Maria RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3452-801X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco B.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museu de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13319"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.1405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Handbook of avian anatomy, Nomina Anatomica Avium","author":"Baumel J. 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