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The main objective of this work is to address the main taphonomic features of the cranial and mandibular remains from the SH sample, including antemortem, perimortem, and postmortem skeletal disturbances. We present an updated assessment of healed cranial trauma, first described in 1997 and now including new skulls. In addition, this study reviews the perimortem fractures in relation to their location and features of the affected individuals. Finally, this paper deals with the modifications affecting the cranial sample from the SH at the postmortem stage, including physical and biological postdepositional modifications. The SH collection provides a unique opportunity for conducting a complete forensic\u2010taphonomic study on a Middle Pleistocene population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T12:01:36Z","timestamp":1645617696000},"page":"2259-2277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Taphonomic\u2010forensic analysis of the hominin skulls from the Sima de los Huesos"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"307","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0896-1493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nohemi","family":"Sala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n sobre Evoluci\u00f3n Humana\u2010CENIEH  Burgos Spain"},{"name":"Centro Mixto UCM\u2010ISCIII de Evoluci\u00f3n y Comportamiento Humanos  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Pantoja\u2010P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n sobre Evoluci\u00f3n Humana\u2010CENIEH  Burgos Spain"},{"name":"Centro Mixto UCM\u2010ISCIII de Evoluci\u00f3n y Comportamiento Humanos  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Gracia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Mixto UCM\u2010ISCIII de Evoluci\u00f3n y Comportamiento Humanos  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Geolog\u00eda, Geograf\u00eda y Medio Ambiente Universidad de Alcal\u00e1  Alcal\u00e1 de Henares Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Arsuaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Mixto UCM\u2010ISCIII de Evoluci\u00f3n y Comportamiento Humanos  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Geodin\u00e1mica, Estratigraf\u00eda y Paleontolog\u00eda, Facultad Ciencias Geol\u00f3gicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"675","article-title":"Natural modifications to bones in a temperate setting","volume":"20","author":"Andrews P.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Man, New Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1997.0137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2015.02.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"505","article-title":"Taphonomical analysis of the human sample from the Sima de los Huesos middle Pleistocene site (Atapuerca\/Ibeas, Spain)","volume":"5","author":"Arsuaga J. 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