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Here, we review a series of approaches in the preparation, imaging, and functional analysis of the jaw muscles of crocodylians. Iodine\u2010contrast microCT approaches are enabling new insights into the anatomy of muscles, nerves, and other soft tissues of embryonic as well as adult specimens of alligators. These imaging data and other muscle modeling methods offer increased accuracy of muscle sizes and attachments without destructive methods like dissection. 3D modeling approaches and imaging data together now enable us to see and reconstruct 3D muscle architecture which then allows us to estimate 3D muscle resultants, but also measurements of pennation in ways not seen before. These methods have already revealed new information on the ontogeny, diversity, and function of jaw muscles and the heads of alligators and other crocodylians. Such approaches will lead to enhanced and accurate analyses of form, function, and evolution of crocodylians, their fossil ancestors and vertebrates in general.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T08:55:55Z","timestamp":1655715355000},"page":"3016-3030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["New frontiers in imaging, anatomy, and mechanics of crocodylian jaw muscles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"305","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8210-8434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Casey M.","family":"Holliday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3588-9562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaleb 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School of Mines and Technology  Rapid City South Dakota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conner D.","family":"Verhulst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3472-814X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Lautenschlager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2384-3150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Bader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Vertebrate Paleontology Collection, Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas 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