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The mechanism of capsaicin toxicity differs in developing and mature nerve cells. This study aimed to determine the number of SPN in the autonomic nuclei on spinal cord (SC) sections and their cross\u2010sectional area, the localization, percentage, and profile area of SPN containing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and calbindin (CB) in the thoracic SC of rats of different ages (from birth to 1\u2010year\u2010old) after capsaicin treatment. Neonatal capsaicin treatment generally decreased the cross\u2010sectional area of the SPN pericarya. However, the cross\u2010sectional area of the CB\u2010immunoreactive (IR) SPN increased in the central autonomic area in rats aged 10\u201330\u2009days old after capsaicin treatment. The number of SPN decreased only in the central autonomic area of rats aged &lt;20\u2009days. The proportion of nNOS\u2010IR neurons remained steady and did not change during development. The cross\u2010sectional area of nNOS\u2010IR SPN in capsaicin\u2010treated rats was less than that in control rats. The results obtained will promote further studies on the mechanisms of sensory processing in the SC and the development of the sympathetic nervous system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T05:05:16Z","timestamp":1655615116000},"page":"2264-2275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neuronal nitric oxide synthase and calbindin expression in sympathetic preganglionic neurons following capsaicin treatment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"306","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2814-7656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina V.","family":"Porseva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology Yaroslavl State Medical University  Yaroslavl Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikita D.","family":"Preobrazhensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology Yaroslavl State Medical University  Yaroslavl Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-16-06558.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902290403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(84)90054-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3740-04.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00782"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092146"},{"volume-title":"The design of animal experiments: Reducing the use of animals in research through better experimental design","year":"2002","author":"Festing M. 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