{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T17:13:00Z","timestamp":1778605980601,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abandoned harbor seal pups (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Phoca vitulina<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) are frequently recovered by rehabilitation centers and often require intensive nursing, gavage feeding and swallowing rehabilitation prior to anticipated release. Seal upper aerodigestive tract (UAT) histology descriptions relevant to deglutition are limited, impacting advances in rehabilitation practice. Therefore, we examined the histological characteristics of the harbor seal UAT to understand species\u2010specific functional anatomy and characterize adaptations. To this end, we conducted gross dissections, compiled measurements and reviewed histologic features of the UAT structures of 14 preweaned harbor seal pups that died due to natural causes or were humanely euthanized. Representative samples for histologic evaluation included the tongue, salivary glands, epiglottis, and varying levels of the trachea and esophagus. Histologically, there was a prominent muscularis in the tongue with fewer lingual papillae types compared to humans. Abundant submucosal glands were observed in lateral and pharyngeal parts of the tongue and rostral parts of the esophagus. When compared to other mammalian species, there was a disproportionate increase in the amount of striated muscle throughout the length of the esophageal muscularis externa. This may indicate a lesser degree of autonomic control over the esophageal phase of swallowing in harbor seals. Our study represents the first detailed UAT histological descriptions for neonatal harbor seals. Collectively, these findings support specific anatomic and biomechanical adaptations relevant to suckling, prehension, and deglutition. This work will inform rehabilitation practices and guide future studies on swallowing physiology in harbor seals with potential applications to other pinniped and otariid species in rehabilitation settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T01:39:59Z","timestamp":1655689199000},"page":"947-959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Microscopic anatomy of the upper aerodigestive tract in harbor seals (<scp><i>Phoca vitulina<\/i><\/scp>): Functional adaptations to swallowing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"306","author":[{"given":"Hirad","family":"Nourbakhsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Audiology &amp; Speech Sciences University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arlo","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Institute &amp; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Raverty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Center  Abbotsford British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. Wayne","family":"Vogl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Institute &amp; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Haulena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vancouver Aquarium Marine Mammal Rescue Centre  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7682-8053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stacey A.","family":"Skoretz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Audiology &amp; Speech Sciences University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.230201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.12339"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051470306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c180015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118991640.ch2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/adip.19132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00243"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2002.tb01069.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.083782"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-98280-9_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2015.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"DFO. 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