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Previous studies have shown that the Tongqiao Mingmu (TQMM) formula can reduce retinal and optic nerve damage, but its mechanism of action requires further elucidation. In this study, an RGC injury model was prepared using glutamate and then treated with serum\u2010containing drug from the TQMM formula (hereafter called \u201cTQMM formula serum\u201d). In the glutamate\u2010induced RGC injury model, cell viability decreased with an increase in glutamate concentration, whereas the expression of autophagy\u2010related biomarkers LC3 and Belicin\u20101 increased. An adenovirus transfection experiment revealed that glutamate markedly promoted autophagic flux in RGCs. Notably, TQMM formula serum inhibited the expression of autophagy\u2010related biomarkers, reduced autophagy flux, and reversed the damage caused by glutamate to RGCs. Furthermore, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was used to intervene in the RGC autophagy model and was found to suppress the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway and enhance RGC autophagy. However, TQMM formula serum could generate an opposite effect and upregulate the expressions of the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway genes and proteins. In conclusion, the TQMM formula can prevent glutamate\u2010induced autophagy in RGCs, possibly by activating the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway and reducing the expression of autophagy\u2010related biomarkers LC3 and Belicin\u20101 to attenuate autophagy and maintain RGC viability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T08:55:22Z","timestamp":1663059322000},"page":"3120-3130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tongqiao Mingmu formula alleviates retinal ganglion cell autophagy through <scp>PI3K<\/scp>\/<scp>AKT<\/scp>\/<scp>mTOR<\/scp> pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"306","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7541-8802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin China"},{"name":"Department of Acupuncture Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feixue","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang University of Chinese 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