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While the pulmonary hypertension is thought to result from abnormal vascular development and arterial vasoreactivity, the anatomical changes in vascular development are unclear. We have examined the 3D structure of the pulmonary arterial tree in rabbits with a surgically induced diaphragmatic hernia (DH). Fetal rabbits (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20096) had a left\u2010sided DH created at gestational day 23 (GD23), delivered at GD30, and briefly ventilated; sham\u2010operated litter mates (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20095) acted as controls. At postmortem the pulmonary arteries were filled with a radio\u2010opaque resin before the lungs were scanned using computed tomography (CT). The 3D reconstructed images were analyzed based on vascular branching hierarchy using the software Avizo 2020.2. DH significantly reduced median number of arteries (2,579 (8440) versus 576 (442), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.017), artery numbers per arterial generation, mean total arterial volume (43.5\u00a0\u00b1\u20098.4 vs. 19.9\u00a0\u00b1\u20093.1\u00a0\u03bcl, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.020) and mean total arterial cross\u2010sectional area (82.5\u00a0\u00b1\u20092.3 vs. 28.2\u00a0\u00b1\u20096.2\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=.036). Mean arterial radius was increased in DH kittens between the eighth and sixth branching generation and mean arterial length between the sixth and 28th branching generation. A DH in kittens resulted in threefold reduction in pulmonary arterial cross\u2010sectional area, primarily due to reduced arterial branching. Thus, the reduction in arterial cross\u2010sectional area could be a major contributor to pulmonary hypertension infants with CDH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T06:52:19Z","timestamp":1674456739000},"page":"1082-1093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of prenatal diaphragmatic hernia on pulmonary arterial morphology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"308","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6280-5195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew V.","family":"Stainsby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4457-0940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip L. J.","family":"DeKoninck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Erasmus MC University Medical Center \u2013 Sophia Children's Hospital  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1580-1156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly J.","family":"Crossley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Thiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan J.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3318-5406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James T.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center  Suita Japan"},{"name":"Department of Physiology Victoria Heart Institute and Monash Biomedicine Institute, Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3587-0535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aidan J.","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9345-2345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle K.","family":"Croughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1060-513X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beth A.","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Hodges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Thio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newborn Research Centre The Royal Women's Hospital  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4601-0314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas W.","family":"Flemmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital and Perinatal Center LMU University Hospital  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9849-5958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin V.","family":"McGillick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie 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