{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T06:20:54Z","timestamp":1785392454409,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42002019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42002019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["205321_162775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["205321_162775"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004739","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A long neck is an evolutionary innovation convergently appearing in multiple tetrapod lineages, including groups of plesiosaurs, non\u2010archosauriform archosauromorphs, turtles, sauropodomorphs, birds, and mammals. Among all tetrapods both extant and extinct, two Triassic archosauromorphs, <jats:italic>Tanystropheus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Dinocephalosaurus<\/jats:italic>, have necks that are particularly elongated relative to the lengths of their trunks. However, the evolutionary history of such hyper\u2010elongated necks in these two archosauromorph clades remains unknown, partially because known close relatives such as <jats:italic>Macrocnemus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pectodens<\/jats:italic> possess only moderately elongated necks. Here, we describe a newly discovered early diverging archosauromorph, <jats:italic>Gracilicollum latens<\/jats:italic> gen. et sp. nov., based on a specimen comprising a partial neck and an incompletely preserved skull. The long neck is composed of at least 18 cervical vertebrae. The dentition suggests that this new taxon most likely represents an aquatic piscivore, similar to <jats:italic>Dinocephalosaurus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Tanystropheus hydroides<\/jats:italic>. Despite possessing a high number of cervical vertebrae, <jats:italic>Gracilicollum<\/jats:italic> gen. nov. is recovered as a tanystropheid in an evolutionary grade between <jats:italic>Macrocnemus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Tanystropheus<\/jats:italic> rather than as a close relative of <jats:italic>Dinocephalosaurus<\/jats:italic>, a result that is primarily attributable to the presence of palatal teeth and the anatomy of the cervical vertebrae in <jats:italic>Gracilicollum<\/jats:italic> gen. nov. Considering the information provided by the new specimen, we provide a detailed discussion of the cervical evolution in dinocephalosaurids and tanystropheids, which is shown to be highly complex and mosaic in nature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T02:37:20Z","timestamp":1680921440000},"page":"2548-2562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A new long\u2010necked archosauromorph from the Guanling Formation (Anisian, Middle Triassic) of southwestern China and its implications for neck evolution in tanystropheids"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"308","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2514-3628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution &amp; Human Origins, CAS Center for Excellence in Life &amp; Paleoenvironment, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100044 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100029 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3197-8752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan N. F.","family":"Spiekman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Staatliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde Stuttgart  Rosenstein 1 70191 Stuttgart Germany"},{"name":"Department of Palaeontology University of Zurich  Karl Schmid\u2010Strasse 4 8006 Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Museum of Natural History  310014 Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Rieppel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology The Field Museum  1400 S. Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois 60605 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten M.","family":"Scheyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palaeontology University of Zurich  Karl Schmid\u2010Strasse 4 8006 Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas C.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Museums Scotland  Chambers Street Edinburgh EH1 1JF UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution &amp; Human Origins, CAS Center for Excellence in Life &amp; Paleoenvironment, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100044 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2013.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.243.1.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230890","article-title":"A new archosauromorph from South America provides insights on the early diversification of tanystropheids","volume":"15","author":"Oliveira T. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.308.5725.1112c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1998.0225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"805","article-title":"An early Late Triassic long\u2010necked reptile with a bony pectoral shield and gracile appendages","volume":"61","author":"Dzik J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1778"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Lithofacies and paleogeography of the early to the middle Triassic in South China","author":"Feng Z.\u2010Z.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2013.764310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cla.12160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1127\/pala\/287\/2009\/123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12666"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"268","article-title":"Die grossen Stamme der Tetrapoden in den geologischen Zeiten","volume":"65","author":"Huene F. R.","year":"1946","journal-title":"Biologisches Zentralblatt"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2017.00091"},{"issue":"5725","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"1113","article-title":"Suction feeding in a Triassic protorosaur? Response","volume":"308","author":"LaBarbera M. C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-6724.2003.tb00122.x","article-title":"First record of protorosaurid reptile (order: Protorosauria) from the middle Triassic of China","volume":"77","author":"Li C.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Geologica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jpa.2017.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"210","article-title":"Viviparity in a Triassic marine archosauromorph reptile","volume":"55","author":"Li C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vertbrata PalAsiatica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100498"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1501659"},{"issue":"14445","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Live birth in an archosauromorph reptile","volume":"8","author":"Liu J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.1987.10011647"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68912-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13866"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912622107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tanystropheus longobardicus (Reptilia, Protorosauria): Re\u2010interpretations of the anatomy based on new specimens from the middle Triassic of Besano (Lombardy, northern Italy)","volume":"35","author":"Nosotti S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Memorie Della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A new aquatic eosuchian from the Newark Supergroup (Late Triassic\u2010Early Jurassic) of North Carolina and Virginia","volume":"176","author":"Olsen P. 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M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vertebrata PalAsiatica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.13217"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10299"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A taxonomic revision of the genus Tanystropheus (Archosauromorpha, Tanystropheidae)","volume":"22","author":"Spiekman S. N. F.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Palaeontologia Electronica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/book.67468"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","first-page":"621","article-title":"Conodont evidence for the age of the Panxian fauna, Guizhou","volume":"80","author":"Sun Z.\u2010Y.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Geologica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","unstructured":"Tschanz K.(1986).Funktionelle Anatomie der Halswirbels\u00e4ule von Tanystropheus longobardicus (Bassani) aus der Trias (Anis\/Ladin) des Monte San Giorgio (Tessin) auf der Basis vergleichend morphologischer Untersuchungen an der Halsmuskulatur rezenter Echsen. PhD thesis Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14772019.2018.1535455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S001675681400003X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"Osteology, paleobiology, and relationships of the sauropod dinosaur Sauroposeidon","volume":"45","author":"Wedel M. J.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.25216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T13:55:22Z","timestamp":1757944522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.25216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.25216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.25216","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}