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However, it is important to understand the relationship between the IAN and mandibular canal due to the IAN's close relationship to the teeth and mastication, and thus dietary adaptations. While it is assumed that most bony canals within the skull grow around and form to pre\u2010existing nervous structures, this relationship has never been validated for the IAN and mandibular canal. MicroCT scans of 273 individuals (131 females, 134 males, and 8 unknown sex) from 68 primate species and three mammalian outgroups, and diceCT scans of 66 individuals (35 females, 23 males, and 8 unknown sex) from 33 primate species and the same mammalian outgroups were used to create 3D models of the IAN and mandibular canal from which cross\u2010sectional areas were taken at various points on the structures. Using qualitative descriptions, phylogenetic generalized least squares analysis, and phylogenetic ANOVAs, we were able to establish three main conclusions: (1) the mandibular canal is most often not a defined canal within the mandible of primates, (2) when the canal can be identified, the IAN does not comprise most of the space within, and (3) there are significant relationships between the IAN and the corresponding canals, with most showing isometry and the mental foramen\/nerve showing negative allometry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T09:07:59Z","timestamp":1684141679000},"page":"97-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The inferior alveolar nerve and its relationship to the mandibular canal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"307","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6571-2215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin","family":"Yoakum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Arkansas Colleges of Health Education  Fort Smith Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5381-2497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Terhune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The nervous system orchestrates and integrates craniofacial development: A review","volume":"19","author":"Adameyko I.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of mental foramen in human mandibles of South Gujarat","volume":"4","author":"Agarwal D. 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