{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T17:00:08Z","timestamp":1768928408965,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The orbitosphenoid is a skeletal element of the endocranium of extant mammals. However, it has also been described in many of their fossil ancestors. Craniogenetic studies show that it is composed of two types of bone: first, the cartilaginous ala orbitalis and parts of the trabecular plate are transformed by endochondral ossification; second, so\u2010called \u2018appositional bone\u2019 (\u2018Zuwachsknochen\u2019) arises directly from the perichondrium of the two optic pilae and spreads in all directions and overlays the remaining cartilage and the endochondral ossifications. For some time, both bone types can be distinguished microscopically, but later in craniogenesis they fuse completely to become the presphenoid <jats:italic>sensu lato<\/jats:italic> of the osteocranium. We interpret the \u2018appositional bone\u2019 as neomorphic mode to reinforce the endocranial bone structures, which are the ossification of the delicate cartilaginous template of the chondrocranium. We studied the ossifications of the presphenoidal skull region in a series of ontogenetic stages of the pig <jats:italic>Sus scrofa<\/jats:italic>. We applied conventional histology as well as stained and unstained \u03bcCT scans. We can show the above\u2010mentioned modes of ossification, and we can demonstrate the contribution of \u2018appositional bone\u2019 well into neonatal and infantile stages. The ossifications of the presphenoid (including the orbitosphenoid) are very slender in therapsids and early mammaliaforms as previously described by other authors. In mammaliaforms, they tend to become thicker and closely connected with the frontal bone, which may be due to the contribution of neomorphic appositional bone. We assume that thereby the presphenoid <jats:italic>sensu lato<\/jats:italic> becomes an enforcement of the orbital pillars.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T05:39:45Z","timestamp":1687239585000},"page":"1931-1943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Craniogenetic studies in <i>Sus scrofa<\/i>: With emphasis on the \u2018orbitosphenoid\u2019 problem"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"308","author":[{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Maier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Evolutions\u00f6kologie Eberhard\u2010Karls\u2010Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8652-8986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulla","family":"L\u00e4chele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde Leibniz\u2010Institut f\u00fcr Evolutions\u2010 und Biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Biologie Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9728-1210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Ruf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt  Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Geowissenschaften Goethe\u2010Universit\u00e4t Frankfurt am Main  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Recherches sur le d\u00e9veloppement dur cr\u00e2ne osseux et cartilagineux chez le foetus de Sus scrofa dom","volume":"19","author":"Augier M.","year":"1934","journal-title":"Archives Anatomie Strasbourg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Histologie und Mikroskopische Anatomie des Menschen","author":"Bargmann W.","year":"1956"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-017-1487-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02952679"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1926.tb01547.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1927.tb02257.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"The mammal\u2010like reptiles of South Africa and the origin of Mammalia","author":"Broom R.","year":"1932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10914-017-9388-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"The development of the vertebrate skull","author":"Beer G.","year":"1937"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"468","article-title":"Das Primordialcranium von Talpa europaea","volume":"17","author":"Fischer E.","year":"1901","journal-title":"Anatomy and Embryology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Trait\u00e9 de Zoologie","author":"Gabe M.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"573","volume-title":"Handbuch der vergleichenden und experimentellen Entwickelungslehre der Wirbeltiere","author":"Gaupp E.","year":"1906"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Das Schl\u00e4fenbein und seine Darstellung im anatomischen, besonders im osteologischen Unterricht","volume":"1915","author":"Gaupp E.","year":"1916","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Anatomie"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Ueber prim\u00e4re und secund\u00e4re Knochenbildung mit besonderer Beziehung auf die Lehre vom Primordialcranium","volume":"3","author":"Gegenbaur C.","year":"1867","journal-title":"Jenaische Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Medicin und Naturwissenschaft"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.6734","article-title":"Allgemeine Betrachtungen \u00fcber die Entstehung des kn\u00f6chernen Sch\u00e4dels der Wirbeltiere","volume":"2","author":"Koelliker A.","year":"1849","journal-title":"Bericht der k\u00f6niglichen zootomischen Anstalt zu W\u00fcrzburg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Morphogenesis of the mammalian skull","author":"Maier W.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/vz.72.e90840"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000090107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"402","article-title":"On the structure and development of the skull in the pig (Sus scrofa)","volume":"21","author":"Parker W. 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Medical dissertation Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen Germany."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"Die Ontogeneses und Morphologie der Cartilago antorbitalis (Reinbach) am Sch\u00e4del von Tupaia belangeri","volume":"78","author":"Zeller U.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Verhandlungen der Anatomischen Gesellschaft"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Morphogenesis of the mammalian skull","author":"Zeller U.","year":"1987"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.25276","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T20:48:24Z","timestamp":1759956504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.25276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.25276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.25276","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}