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Moreover, it is currently unknown how much variation could, or should, exist intragenerically. Here, we tested whether taxonomy can be accurately predicted based on patterns of morphological variation in macaques (H<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and whether postcranial bones reflect subgeneric macaque taxonomy similarly, or better, than the cranium (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). Data included 3D scans of cranial and postcranial bones for eight macaque species (<jats:italic>Macaca arctoides<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Macaca fuscata<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Macaca mulatta<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Macaca nemestrina<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Macaca nigra<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Macaca radiata<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Macaca sylvanus<\/jats:italic>). Fixed anatomical and semilandmarks were applied to scans of eight skeletal elements (crania\u2009=\u200945; mandible\u2009=\u200931; scapula\u2009=\u200966; humerus\u2009=\u200938; radius\u2009=\u200933; os coxa\u2009=\u200928; femur\u2009=\u200940; tibia\u2009=\u200940). For each skeletal element, regression analyses were performed to minimize the effects of sexual dimorphism. Between\u2010groups principal components analysis was used to visualize the major patterns of among\u2010species morphological variation, while the strength of correct taxon classification was measured with discriminant function analysis. Results suggested accepting the alternate hypothesis that different macaque species can be distinguished morphologically. Both cranial and many postcranial elements appeared to possess a taxonomic signal, and the limb bones\u2014especially the upper limb\u2014are reported to be more useful for taxonomic assessment than previously realized. Theoretically, certain behaviors and\/or ecogeographical factors, as well as phylogeny, influenced skeletal morphology in macaques, likely contributing to taxonomic distinctions among different species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T04:02:11Z","timestamp":1689220931000},"page":"118-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intrageneric taxonomic distinction based on morphological variation in the macaque (<i>Macaca<\/i>) skeleton"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"307","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0784-4604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brittany","family":"Kenyon\u2010Flatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Buffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology Lab, Department of Anthropology University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5263-3892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noreen","family":"von Cramon\u2010Taubadel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology Lab, Department of Anthropology University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","article-title":"Geomorph: Software for geometric morphometric analysis","author":"Adams D. 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