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Recently, CRISPR genome editing techniques that require manipulation of the female reproductive anatomy have been developed in this group, making a more complete understanding of this anatomy essential. We describe the adult female reproductive anatomy of the model reptile the brown anole (<jats:italic>Anolis sagrei<\/jats:italic>). We show that the brown anole female reproductive tract has three distinct anterior\u2010to\u2010posterior regions, the infundibulum, the glandular uterus, and the nonglandular uterus. The infundibulum has a highly ciliated epithelial lip, a region where the epithelium is inverted so that cilia are present on the inside and outside of the tube. The glandular uterus has epithelial ducts that are patent with a lumen as well as acinar structures with a lumen. The nonglandular uterus has a heterogeneous morphology from anterior to posterior, with a highly folded, ciliated epithelium transitioning to a stratified squamous epithelium. This transition is accompanied by a loss of keratin\u20108 expression and together, these changes are similar to the morphological and gene expression changes that occur in the mammalian cervix. We recommend that description of the nonglandular uterus include the regional sub\u2010specification of a \u201ccervix\u201d and \u201cvagina\u201d as this terminology change more accurately describes the morphology. Our data extend histological studies of reproductive organ morphology in reptiles and expand our understanding of the variation in reproductive system anatomy across squamates and vertebrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T14:22:33Z","timestamp":1690554153000},"page":"395-413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Anatomy of the female reproductive tract organs of the brown anole (<scp><i>Anolis sagrei<\/i><\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"307","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9469-575X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonnie K.","family":"Kircher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5257-037X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward L.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7282-1543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard R.","family":"Behringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2023.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10262"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10520"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.144386"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23904"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modgep.2004.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20677"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.21297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"560","article-title":"Structure, function, and evolution of the oviducts of squamate reptiles, with special reference to viviparity and placentation","volume":"282","author":"Blackburn D. 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