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The age of the Late Triassic fissures is disputed, with some lines of argument suggesting a latest Triassic (Rhaetian) age, whereas other evidence suggests they may be as old as Carnian. The fissures have been hypothesized by some workers to have formed on an archipelago, with island effects invoked to explain aspects of the assemblages such as the abundance of small\u2010bodied species. Procolophonids were a successful group of Triassic parareptiles, best known from Early to early Late Triassic assemblages, but have only recently been described from one of the fissure fill sites (Ruthin) based upon fragmentary remains. Here, we describe new procolophonid specimens from another fissure (Cromhall) that represent at least six individuals of different sizes, with much of the skeleton represented including well\u2010preserved skull material. The Cromhall procolophonid shows strong similarities to Late Triassic procolophonids from Scotland, Brazil and North America, but both autapomorphies and a unique character combination demonstrate that it represents a new species, which we name as <jats:italic>Hwiccewyrm trispiculum<\/jats:italic> gen. et sp. nov. Phylogenetic analysis places <jats:italic>Hwiccewyrm<\/jats:italic> in a derived clade within Leptopleuroninae, together with <jats:italic>Leptopleuron<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Hypsognathus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Soturnia<\/jats:italic>. The largest specimens of <jats:italic>Hwiccewyrm<\/jats:italic> demonstrate a body size that is similar to <jats:italic>Leptopleuron<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Hypsognathus<\/jats:italic>, supporting other recent work that has questioned the insular dwarfism hypothesis for the fissure fill assemblages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T03:03:54Z","timestamp":1695265434000},"page":"1390-1420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["<i>Hwiccewyrm trispiculum<\/i> gen. et sp. nov., a new leptopleuronine procolophonid from the Late Triassic of southwest England"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"307","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2136-7541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard J.","family":"Butler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Earth &amp; Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7829-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke E.","family":"Meade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Earth &amp; Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0424-8073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terri J.","family":"Cleary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Earth &amp; Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai T.","family":"McWhirter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Earth &amp; Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3491-5586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily E.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Earth &amp; Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"},{"name":"Fossil Reptiles, Amphibians and Birds Section Natural History Museum  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom S.","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St John's College University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4497-2058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Benito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4408-4640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas C.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences National Museums Scotland  Edinburgh Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4202\/app.2008.0047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/e85-166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1477201907002350"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14772019.2010.491986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1127\/njgpa\/227\/2003\/365"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/e02-082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Edwards B.(2000).The Upper Triassic microvertebrate assemblage of Ruthin Quarry South Wales. 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