{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T15:46:20Z","timestamp":1777131980611,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000700","name":"Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Scleromochlus taylori<\/jats:italic> is one of the most enigmatic members of the herpetofauna from the Lossiemouth Sandstone Formation (Upper Triassic) of Elgin (Moray, Scotland). For many years it was thought to be closely related to pterosaurs and dinosaurs, but the anatomy of this animal is difficult to interpret because of the notoriously poor preservation of the six available specimens, which comprise void space in the sandstone after the bones were destroyed by diagenesis. Historically, these fossils have been studied using physical molds, which provide only incomplete, and potentially distorted, information. Due to these uncertainties, interpretations of the anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, and paleobiology of <jats:italic>Scleromochlus taylori<\/jats:italic> have remained contentious. Here, we use microcomputed tomographic (\u03bcCT) techniques to redescribe and illustrate the osteology of <jats:italic>Scleromochlus<\/jats:italic> in detail, building upon a short redescription of keystone features of the anatomy that we recently published. We digitally visualize, describe, and figure previously inaccessible\u2014and thus unaltered\u2014portions of its skeleton, as well as providing new observations on the exposed parts of each specimen. This work reveals many novel features of the skull, mandible, trunk, tail, girdles, forelimb, and hindlimb (particularly of the manus, femur, and pes), demonstrating that historic molding techniques failed, in some cases, to accurately capture the anatomy of <jats:italic>Scleromochlus<\/jats:italic>. Our review sheds light on some of the most controversial aspects of <jats:italic>Scleromochlus<\/jats:italic> morphology showing that this taxon retains plesiomorphic features of Avemetatarsalia in the postcranial skeleton, alongside a suite of synapomorphies diagnostic of pterosauromorphs (the broad clade of pterosaurs and taxa more closely related to them than dinosaurs), particularly one subgroup, the lagerpetids. Consistent with recent work, our updated phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference) demonstrate that <jats:italic>Scleromochlus taylori<\/jats:italic> is an avemetatarsalian archosaur that is recovered firmly in an early diverging position within Pterosauromorpha, as a member of Lagerpetidae, thus shedding important information on the origin of pterosaurs, the first group of vertebrates to evolve powered flight.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T02:21:13Z","timestamp":1697509273000},"page":"1113-1146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The osteology of the Late Triassic reptile <i>Scleromochlus taylori<\/i> from <scp>\u03bcCT<\/scp> data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"307","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9269-6719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Foffa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences National Museums Scotland  Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"},{"name":"School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7017-1652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sterling J.","family":"Nesbitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2136-7541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard J.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7525-7319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Brusatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences National Museums Scotland  Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7002-1005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stig","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences National Museums Scotland  Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4408-4640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas C.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences National Museums Scotland  Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0412-3000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul M.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fossil Reptiles, Amphibians and Birds Section Natural History Museum  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3099\/0006-9698-565.1.1"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"Nuevos materiales y reinterpretacion de Lagerpeton chanarensis Romer (Thecodontia, Lagerpetonidae nov.) del Triasico Medio de La Rioja, Argentina","volume":"23","author":"Arcucci A.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ameghiniana"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1996.tb01267.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08912963.2012.725727"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8418"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1983.0079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0489"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history","volume":"18","author":"Benton M. 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