{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:00:12Z","timestamp":1791165612367,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sclera of all vertebrate eyes is comprised of connective tissue, with some organisms developing cartilage within this tissue. A review of the cartilages that have been described in the vertebrate sclera and their anatomical relationships is discussed together with their potential homology. Incorrect terminology erroneously implies similarity in location, development, morphology, and evolution, which may lead some scientists to assume all cartilages in orbit are the same elements when reading the literature. Therefore, new terminology to distinguish the different types of cartilage associated with the vertebrate eye is proposed. The scleral cartilages that are likely homologous to one another and which are situated in the sclera, should be termed scleral cartilages sensu stricto, while other cartilages in the sclera should be termed ocular cartilages. Some of the cartilages also ossify, and these bones should be distinguished from the scleral ossicles. The plasticity of the scleral tissue layer and its range of morphologies from fibrous to cartilaginous connective tissue across different vertebrate lineages are also described. This review also highlights several gaps in our understanding of the vertebrate scleral cartilages, in particular.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T09:35:31Z","timestamp":1699522531000},"page":"1838-1850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The elusive scleral cartilages: Comparative anatomy and development in teleosts and avians"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"308","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4883-2677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara A.","family":"Franz\u2010Odendaal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Mount Saint Vincent University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.11.5872"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"The cranial cartilages of teleosts and their classification","volume":"169","author":"Benjamin M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Extracellular matrix of connective tissues in the heads of teleosts","volume":"179","author":"Benjamin M.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2003.00305.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1958.00940050058005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.4.1061"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","article-title":"Expression of collagen types I and IX in the sclera of experimentally myopic chicks","volume":"36","author":"Crawley A. 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